Gait

Question 1

Gluteus Medius & minimus
Period
Function during gait
Damaged

Answer 1

1. first 3/4 of support phase
2. keeps opposite side of pelvis from dropping (isometric contraction)
3. trendelenburg gait
   - opposite side pelvis drops
   - lateral flexion of trunk towards same side to maintain balance over foot

Question 2

Gluteus maximus

Answer 2

1. a short period following heel strike
2. keeps trunk from bending forward (due to momentum) following heel strike (isometric)
3. slight backwards lean at heel strike to keep body weight behind hips

Question 3

Vasti: lateralis, medialis, intermedius

Answer 3

1. first 1/2 support phase
2. prevents slightly flexed knee from collapsing under body weight (isometric)
3. use momentum to swing leg into full extension before putting weight on it
   - lean forward to keep body weight in front of knee

Question 4

hamstring

Answer 4

1. end of swing and through heelstrike
2. decelerates thigh at end of swing phase (eccentric). keep trunk from bending forward (momentum) following heel strike (isometric)
3. short steps that do not involve large swing phase. backwards lean at heelstrike

Question 5

Iliopsoas & adductors

Answer 5

1. shortly before to shortly after toe-off
2. slows down hip extension at end of support phase (eccentric); starts hip flexion for swing phase (concentric)
3. forward swing includes some abduction because it has to use anterior fibers of gluteus medius/minimus and tensor fascia latae

Question 6

rectus femoris

Answer 6

1. just before toe-off
2. contributes to hip flexion of swing phase (concentric)
3. none

Question 7

sartorius

Answer 7

1. at toe-off and early swing
2. flexes hip & knee primarily at fast speed (concentric)
3. none

Question 8

gastrocnemius & soleus

Answer 8

1. second 1/2 support phase
2. prevents ankle from collapsing into dorsiflexion as body weight passes in front of ankle (eccentric)
   - gives a little forward push at toe-off (concentric)
3. short steps to keep body weight on heels or
   - walk toed-out so that fibularis longus/brevis can be used instead

Question 9

anterior leg muscles

Answer 9

1. from toe-off to just after heel-strike
2. holds toes off ground during swing phase (concentric/isometric)
   - slows forefoot from slapping down after heel-strike (eccentric)
3. high-stepping gait with excess flexion at hip and knee during swing phase
   - foot-slap

Question 10

fibularis longus & brevis

Answer 10

1. end of support phase, as weight is being moved onto ball of big toe
2. everts to oppose the inverting force applied by the ground to the ball of big toe (isometric)
3. none apparent. person will shift weight to be lateral ball of foot instead, and use triceps surae to oppose the ground force.

Question 11

quadratus plantae & flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 11

1. very end of support phase
2. stabalizes arches of foot (isometric)
   controls rate of metatarsophalangeal dorsiflexion (eccentric)
3. none