Popliteal Fossa & Leg Flashcards
Popliteal fossa
- Shape
- Boundaries
- Contains
- Diamond:shaped space posterior to the knee
- Boundaries:
- superior-lateral: biceps femoris
- superior-medial:semimembranosus, semitendinosus
- inferior: medial & lateral
Popliteal fossa
- Shape
- Boundaries
- Contains
-Diamond:shaped space posterior to the knee
-Boundaries:
-superior-lateral: biceps femoris
-superior-medial:semimembranosus, semitendinosus
-inferior: medial & lateral
Contains:
1.popliteal a. v.
2. tibial n.
3. small saphenous v.
Leg (crus)
- two bones and function
- overview muscle groups (3)
- bones
1. tibia- supports body weight
2. stability to ankle joint - muscle groups
1. anterior mm. (4)
2. lateral mm. (2)
3. posterior mm. (7)
name muscles in
- anterior compartment (3)
- lateral compartment (2)
- posterior compartment (3 deep)
- posterior compartment (2 superficial)
- anterior
- tibialis anterior
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus - lateral
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis - posterior (deep)
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus - posterior (superficial)
- triceps surae
- plantaris
- another name for deep fascia?
- what does it separate?
- it is continuous with?
- crural fascia
- separates leg into four regions
- continuous with fascia lata of thigh
Actions of leg muscles
- Anterior & lateral muscle
- posterior muscles
- Ant
- dorsiflexion (extension of foot and/or toes
- eversion of foot (except tibialis anterior) - Post
- plantarflexion (flexion of foot and/or toes)
- inversion of foot
Anterior crural compartment (4) Lateral crural compartment (2) Posterior crural compartment (2) -4 mm. -action -innervation
Anterior crural
- tibialis anterior
- extesnor hallucis lingus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis tertius
- they dorsiflex foot, (eversion) extend toes except tibialis
- innervate by deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
2. Lateral crural compartment - fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
- they evert foot
- innervate by superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
3. Posterior crural - superficial: triceps surae, plantaris
- deep: tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus. flexor hallucis longus
- plantarflex foot
- innervate by tibial nerve
Tibialis Anterior OINA
O-lateral tibial condyle, lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane
I- medial cuneiform & first metatarsal
N- deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
A-doriflexes & inverts foot
What causes foot drop & shin-splints
- paralysis causes foot-drop due to injury to common fibular n. or its deep branch
- shin-splints is a painful swelling of anterior compartment muscles after vigorous of lengthy exercise
Extensor Hallucis Longus OINA
O-middle anterior fibula & interosseous membrane
I- distal phalanx of hallux
N-deep fibular (peroneal nerve)
A-doriflexes foot; extends hallux
Extensor Digitorum Longus OINA
O-lateral tibial condyle, proximal 2/3rd of fibula & interosseous membrane
I-middle & distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
N-deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
A-dorsiflexes & everts foot; extends lateral 4 digits
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius OINA
O-lower fibula & interosseous membrane
I-base of 5th metatarsal
N-deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
A- dorsiflexes & everts foot
fibularis tertius is essentially a distal belly of extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis (peroneus) longus OINA
O-head & superior lateral fibula
I-1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform
N-superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
A-plantarflexes & everts foot
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
O-inferior lateral fibula
I-tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
N-superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
A-plantarflexes & everts foot
What happens during violent eversion of the foot?
The tubercle of the 5th metatarsal bone can be avulsed
Gastrocnemius OINA
O-lateral & medial femoral condyles
I-posterior calcaneus
N-tibial nerve
A-flexes knee; plantarflexes foot
The muscle of superficial compartment help in walking, dancing, standing on toes
Tennis leg- painful calf injury due to tearing of medial belly of gastrocnemius
Soleus OINA
Women wearing high heels
Rupture of calcaneal tendon
O-fibular head & soleal line of tibia (note horse shoe shaped origin)
I-posterior calcaneus
N-tibial nerve
A-plantarflexes foot
Women who continuously wear high heel shoes have shorter triceps surae and can experience transitory calf pain when switch to flats
Rapture of calcaneal tendon occurs in old age, or playing squash, or at the start of a 100 meter dash, or due to ischemia
Pantaris OINA
O-inferior lateral supracondylar line
I-posterior calcaneus
N-tibial nerve
A-weakly assists gastrocnemius
Its tendon can be removed and used in repair other damaged tendons
Popliteus OINA
O-lateral epicondyle of femur
I-superior posterior tibia
N- tibial nerve
A- flexes knee & rotates knee joint; unlocks knee at the beginning of flexion of the fully extended knee
Action of Popliteus
- rotation
- extended
- lateral rotation
- injury
- rotation is about 5 degrees
- when knee fully extended it is locked by the medial rotation of femur on tibia around a tight ACL
- popliteus unlocks the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the weight-bearing tibia allowing relaxation of the ligaments and then flexion
- during this movement it also causes the lateral meniscus to be pulled out of the way of injury
Deep posterior
- three deep posterior leg muscles
- all span the ankle joint
- two also flex toes
Flexor Hallucis longus OINA
what does it help maintain
O-inferior 2/3rd of posterior fibular; interosseous membrane
I-distal phalanx of (hallux)
N-tibial nerve
A-flexes hallux and plantarflexes foot
- Help maintain medial longitudinal arch of foot.
- it is the push off muscle during walking and running and provides the spring to the step
Tibialis Posterior OINA
O-interosseous membrane; posterior tibia & fibula
I-navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, and 2-4 metatarsals
N-tibial nerve
A-plantarflexes & inverts foot
Helps to maintain medial longitudinal arch of foot
Flexor digitorum longus OINA
O-middle posterior tibia
I-distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
N-tibial nerve
A- flexes lateral 4 toes; plantarflexes foot
helps maintain medial longitudinal arch of foot; gives foot a grip while walking and running
Nerves of posterior Leg
Sciatic nerve
-tibial nerve (posterior muscles)
-continues across ankle
-damage results in weak plantarflexion & loss of toe flexion
-common fibular (peroneal) nerve
-winds around head of fibular
-very frequently damaged
-damage results in weak eversion
and loss of dorsiflexionNerves of lateral & anterior leg
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
- superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve (lateral muscles). Damage results in weak eversion
- Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (anterior muscles). damage results in loss of doriflexion (foot drop)
Innervation of lower leg
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
Anterior: deep fibualr (peroneal) n.
Lateral: superficial fibular (peroneal) n.
Posterior: tibial n.
Arteries of knee & leg
“genu” means knee in latin
- after giving off genicular arteries, popliteal a. divides into
1. anterior tibial a.= anterior comparment
2. posterior tibial a. = stays in posterior compartment—> fibular a
