Cardiovascular Flashcards
1
Q
Tissue that is dense due to more absorption of x-rau show up as? what about lower density?
A
white image; black on film (radiolucent)
2
Q
standard anatomical position
A
upright posture, thumb point out laterally.
3
Q
Name the four planes
Three sections
A
- median plane
- sagittal plane
- coronal plane (frontal)
- transverse plane (axial)
- longitudinal section, transverse (cross section), oblique section
4
Q
- location of thorax
- thorax wall contain (7)
- thoracic cavity contain (5)
A
- region of trunk between neck and abdomen
- skin
fascia
nerves
vessels
muscles
cartilage
bones - heart
lungs
thymus
distal trachea
esophagus
5
Q
- function of integumentary system
2. Function of superficial & deep fascia
A
- skin (epidermis + dermis); provides protection, regulates heat, transmits sensatins
- superficial fascia: location of cutaneous vessels & nerves and fat storage
deep fascia hold structures in place
6
Q
difference between artery branch and tributaries of veins in major systemic blood vessels of body
A
arteries branch off as blood flow from the heart. Tributaries veins merge into larger veins as blood flow back to the heart.
7
Q
- Function of lymph system
2. Two major lymph vessels
A
- return excess tissue fluid (lymph) to bloodstream. Nodes filter foreign materials, trigger immune system
- thoracic duct 3/4 of body empties into left subclavian vein
right lymphatic duct drains upper R quadrant, empties into right subclavian vein.
8
Q
- pulmonary circulation
2. systemic circulation
A
- pulm arteries bring low O2 blood from heart to lungs
- systemic arteries bring high O2 blood from hear to body tissues, systemic vein bring low O2 blood from body tissues to heart.
9
Q
Orientation of heart
A
mostly left in thorax cavity apex pointed anteroinferiorly right surface mostly R atrium anterior surface is mostly R ventricle left surface is mostly left ventricle
10
Q
Four layers of the heart
A
- Fibrous pericardium
- Serous pericardium (continuous membrane that forms two layers separated by serous filled pericardial cavity)
- parietal pericardium-ahered to deep surface of fibrous pericardium
- visceral pericardium (epicardium)- outer layer of hear tissue - myocardium-thick middle layer of specialized cardiac muscle
- endocardium- thin lining membrane of the heart that also lines the valves.
11
Q
Right atrium receives and pump blood from?
The structures associated?
A
- received deoxy from body via SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus and pump blood to the right ventricle passes through tricuspid valve.
- right auricle, pectinate muscles, opening of coronary sinus, fossa ovalis
12
Q
- Auricle lined with what muscle?
2. What was the past function of fossa ovalis?
A
- auricle and anterior part of atrium are lined with pectinate muscles
- remnant of fetal valve in atrial septum which shunt blood from R atrium to L atrium by pass non-functioning lungs
13
Q
- Function of R ventricle
2. structure associated
A
- pumps blood through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk (artery) carrying low oxy blood to lungs
- pulmonary semilunar valve
tricuspid valve
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles (3)
14
Q
- left atrium function
2. structures
A
- 4 pulmonary veins receive well oxy blood from lungs and into L atrium
- L auricle projects anteriorly
pectinate muscles
foramen ovale
blood leaves through mitral valve to L ventricle
15
Q
- Function and structure of L ventricle
A
- pump blood through aortic semilunar valve into aortic arch
- mitral (bicuspid) valve
chordae tendineae
papillary muscle (2)
trabeculae carneae
very thick walls
16
Q
Four heart valves and its function
A
- ricuspid-prevent backflow through R atrioventricular orifice
- pulmonary semilunar valve-prevvent backflow from pulmonary artery to R ventricle (3 cusps)
- bicuspid mitral-prevent backflow thru L atrioventricular orifice
- aortic semilunar valve-prevent backflow from aorta into L ventricle (3 cusps)
- CHordae tendineae and papillary muscles prevent cusps from inverting back into the atria due to pressure of blood inventricles
