Gluteal region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards
Where is the gluteal region
- posterior
- made of?
- cleft?
- lies posterior to pelvis btw iliac crest and gluteal fold
- region made of primarily of gluteal muscles and thick layer of superficial fat
- intergluteal cleft=divison between buttocks
Gluteal muscles (8)
insert where?
actions?
stabilize?
- tensor fascia latae
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- piriformis
- obturator internus
- gemelli (superior/inferior)
- quadratus femoris
All insert on or near greater trochanter of femur
- action is mostly abduction and/or lateral rotation of the thigh
- often used in smooth continuum
- stabilize the hip joint
Tensor Fascia latae OINA
O-anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
I-iliotibial tract
N-superior gluteal n.
A-flexes thigh
Gluteus Maximus OINA
-largest, heaviest, most coarsely fibered muscle in the body
O-ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I-iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity
N-inferior gluteal n.
A-laterally rotates thigh, active during powerful extension (stairclimbing, getting up from squatting position)
Gluteus Medius OINA
O-ilium btw anterior & posterior gluteal lines
I-greater trochanter
N-superior gluteal n.
A-posterior fibers: abducts, extends, laterally rotates thigh
-anterior fibers: abduct, flex, medially rotate thigh
-steadies the pelvis, keeps hip from collapsing into adduction when on one leg
Piriformis OINA
Landmark muscle for (3)
O-2-4th sacral segments
I-greater trochanter
N-S1-S2
A-rotates thigh laterally; abducts thigh; holds head of femur in acetabulum
Landmark for:
- superior gluteal a. & n.
- inferior gluteal a. & n.
- sciatic n.
Obturator internus OINA
O-ilium & ischium, obturator membrane
I-greater trochanter
N-nerve to obturator internus
A- rotates thigh laterally; holds head of femur in acetabulum (eg. it stabilizes hip joint)
Gluteal dissection reveals only the distal end of obturator internus.
Superior & inferior Gemellus OINA
O-ischial spine & ischial tuberosity I-greater trochanter N-superior: nerve to obturator internus -Inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris A-laterally rotates thigh
Quadratus Femoris
O- ischial tuberosity
I- intertrochanteric crest
N-nerve to quadratus femoris
A-laterally rotates thigh
Posterior thigh muscles
Hamstrings (3)
- muscles cross?
- common origin
- action
Hamstrings
- biceps femoris (long head)
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- These muscles cross the hip & knee joint
- They have common origin- from Ischial tuberosity (biceps femoris has two origins)
- act to extend the thigh and flex the knee
Semimembranosus OINA
O-ischial tuberosity
I-medial condyle of tibia
N-tibial division of sciatic nerve
A-extends thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg
Semitendinosus
O-ischial tuberosity
I-medial surface of upper tibia
N-tibial division of sciatic nerve
A-extends thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg
Biceps femoris OINA
O-ischial tuberosity (long head)
I-head of fibula
N-tibial division of sciatic nerve (long head)
A-extends thigh; flexes and laterally rotates leg
Biceps Femoris OINA
O-linea aspera (short head)
I- head of fibula
N-common fibular division of sciatic nerve (short head)
A- flexes and laterally rotates leg
- Length of Hamstrings varies in different persons
- Long hamstrings important in some sports like gymnastics
- Pulled hamstrings-common in sports injuries; can result in avulsion from origin at ischial tuberosity, muscle tear; and hematoma
Gluteal Arteries
-Abdominal aorta: (5)
Abdominal aorta
1. common iliac arteries
2. external iliac
3. internal iliac
-superior gluteal a.
(exits above piriformis)
-inferior gluteal a.
(exits below piriformis)
