Anterior & Medial Thigh Flashcards
Function of lower extremity (3)
- support body weight
- locomotion
- maintaining equilibrium
Lower extremity four regions and their bones
- 3
- 2
- 2
- 3
- Hip/gluteal
- hip bones
- sacrum
- coccyx - Thigh
- femur
- patella - leg
- tibia
- fibula - foot
- tarsus
- metatarsus
- phalanges
Bony pelvis function and the four bones that form it.
- transfer weight from upper body to lower extremities
- -hip bones (2)
- sacrum
- coccyx
Description of femur (thigh bone)
-length
- longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body
2. roughly 4X the length of femur determines the height of individual
Tibia (shinbone)
- function
- location
- articualtions (3)
- weight bearing
- medially located
3.
-femur (superiorly)
-talus (inferiorly)
fibula (laterally)
Fibula
-function
- no function in weight bearing
- serves mainly for muscle attachments and as support for tibia
Three bones in the foot
- tarsus
- metatarsus
- phalanges
Hip bones (ossa coxae) -fusion of three bones
forms in young adult by fusion of:
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
Ilium
- description of parts
- location
- Fan-shaped
- Ala (wing)
- Body (handle) forms superior part of acetabulum
- Iliac crest is the superior margin; runs btw anterior and posterior superior iliac spines
- iliac fossa is concave internal surface
ischium
-name five parts
- Body-posterior part of acetabulum
- Ramus-inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
- ischial tuberosity
- ischial spine
- lesser sciatic notch
Pubis
-three parts
- body-lies medially and articulates with pubis of other side at pubic symphysis
- superior ramus-anterior part of acetabulum
- inferior ramus- inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
- acetabulum (hip socket)
- obturator foramen-closed in the living body by the obturator membrane
Hip bones (ossa coxae) -articulations
- anteriorly joined at the pubic symphysis (symphysis joint)
- posteriorly joined to sacrum at sacroiliac joint (suture joint)
- forms pelvic girdle
formation of sacrum and coccyx
Sacrum
-formed by fusion of 5 originally separate sacral vertebrae
Coccyx
-formed by fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae
Four pelvic joints
- lumbrosacral (L5 & S1)
- sacroiliac
- sacrococcygeal
- pubic symphysis
pelvic ligaments
- posterior sacrococcygeal
- posterior sacroiliac
- interosseus
- posterior, continuous w/ sacrotuberous - sacrospinous
- iliolumbar
- sacrotuberous
- inguinal
sacroiliac joint movement
- small movements, limited by many sacroiliac ligaments
- greater movement in females
- nutation is the term for rotation in the sagittal plane
- anterior rotation of the sacrum increases size of pelvic outlet
- most important during childbirth
Fracture of femur
- violent direct injury may fracture the femur
- fracture of neck of femur common over the age of 60
- more common in women due to postmenopausal osteoporosis (fracture of hip)
Bones & muscles around thigh region
Bones
- femur
- patella
Muscles
- anterior thigh m.
- medial thigh m.
- posterior thigh m.
Muscles of thigh (nerve, muscles, motion)
- anterior thigh m. (5)
- medial thigh m. (7)
- posterior thigh m. (6)
- anterior thigh m.
- supplied by femoral nerve
- sartorius
- quadriceps femoris (extensor of leg)
- Iliopsoas (flexor of thigh)
- pectineus (flexor & adductor of thigh) - medial thigh m.
- supplied by obturator nerve
- adductors of thigh
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- 1/2 of adductor magnus
- gracilis
- obturator externus - posterior thigh m.
- supplied by sciatic nerve
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
- biceps femoris
- 1/2 adductor magnus
Anterior thigh muscles function and innervation
Ant thigh muscles (7)
- usually hip flexors and knee extensors
- usually innervated by femoral nerve
Anterior thigh muscles
- pectineus
- sartorius
- Iliopsoas
- quadriceps femoris
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
Pectineus OINA
O-pectineal line of pubis (pecten pubis)
I- pectineal line of femur
N-femoral nerve
A- flexes & adducts thigh
Sartorius OINA
O-Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
I-superior medial tibia
N- femoral nerve
A- flexes (hip), abducts, & laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee
Psoas Major OINA
O-transverse processes, intervertebral disc, bodies of T12-L5
I- lesser trochanter of femur
N- L1-L3
A- flexes thigh and stabalizes trunk
Iliacus OINA
O-superior 2/3 of iliac fossa
I-lesser trochanter
N-femoral nerve
A-flexes thigh & stabilizes trunk
Quadriceps femoris
- all insert onto quadriceps femoris tendon
- quadriceps femoris tendon inserts into patella
- only the rectus femoris spans two joints
- other three span only knee joint (extending it)
- all innervated by femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- quadriceps are used in climbing, running, jumping, and rising from a chair
Rectus femoris OINA
O-AIIS and ilium
I-base of patella
N-femoral nerve
A- extends knee; flexes thigh
Vastus Lateralis OINA
O-intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter and lateral linea aspera
I-base of patella
N-femoral nerve
A-extends knee
Vastus intermedius OINA
O-anterior & lateral surface of shaft of femur
I-base of patella
N-femoral nerve
A-extends knee
Vastus Medialis OINA
O-intertrochanteric line & medial linea aspera
I-base of patella
N- femoral nerve
A- extends knee
patellar ligament
-tendons
- tendons of the quadriceps form quadriceps tendons
- attaches to patella
- continues as patellar ligament (tendon)
- attached to tibial tuberosity
Patella (knee cap)
- what bone
- how does it form
- articulate with?
- parts (3)
- large sesamoid bone-triangular shape
- formed intratendinously within quadriceps tendon
- articulates with femur but not tibia
- -
- base
- medial & lateral border
- apex
What is quadriceps reflex?
When patellar ligament is tapped briskly, contraction of quadriceps is elicited resulting in extension of knee joint (patellar reflex, knee reflex, knee jerk).
-Exaggeration, slowing, or absence of the reaction suggests that there may be damage to the central nervous system
What is the function of patella?
- causes force generated by quadriceps femoris to be more parallel to the line of action on the tibia
- at birth it is cartilagenous.
- becomes ossified btw 3-6 yo
Description of medial thigh muscles group
- name the muscles involved
- action
- nerve innervation
Adductor group: -adductor longus -adductor brevis -adductor part of Adductor magnus -gracilis -obturator externus * (Pectineus) Action: -adduction of thigh Innervated by obturator nerve (L2-L4) Exception: -hamstring part of adductor magnus ---tibial nerve part of Sciatic nerve
What is a pulled groin
strethcing, straining, and tearing away of tendinous origin of adductors
Medial Thigh Muscle:
Adductor Longus OINA
O-pubis, inferior to pubic crest
I-middle third of linea aspera
N-obturator nerve
A-adducts thigh
Medial Thigh Muscle:
Adductor Longus
O-pubis, inferior to pubic crest
I-middle third of linea aspera
N-obturator nerve
A-adducts thigh
Medial Thigh Muscle:
Adductor Brevis
O-body and inferior ramus of pubis
I-pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
N-obturator nerve
A-adducts thigh
Medial Thigh Muscle:
Obturator externus
O-outer surface of obturator membrane, bony boundaries of obturator foramen
I-trochanteric fossa of femur
N-obturator nerve
A-lateral rotation of thigh
Medial Thigh Muscle:
Adductor magnus
O-inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium; ischial tuberosity
I- gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (adductor part); adductor tubercle (hamstring part)
N-Obturator nerve (adductor part) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (hamstring part)
A- adducts thigh (adductor part); extends thigh (hamstring part)
Location of adductor hiatus
-and what it does
- opening at inferior insertion of adductor magnus
- forms the inferior end of adductor canal (Hunter’s canal) through which passes the femoral vessels
Gracilis
OINA
O-body and inferior ramus of pubis
I- superior part of medial surface of tibia
N-obturator nerve
A-adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg
It is weak adductor and the only one in the to cross knee joint. Can be grafted to the arm.
