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Gross Ant > Anterior & Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior & Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Function of lower extremity (3)

A
  1. support body weight
  2. locomotion
  3. maintaining equilibrium
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2
Q

Lower extremity four regions and their bones

  1. 3
  2. 2
  3. 2
  4. 3
A
  1. Hip/gluteal
    - hip bones
    - sacrum
    - coccyx
  2. Thigh
    - femur
    - patella
  3. leg
    - tibia
    - fibula
  4. foot
    - tarsus
    - metatarsus
    - phalanges
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3
Q

Bony pelvis function and the four bones that form it.

A
  1. transfer weight from upper body to lower extremities
  2. -hip bones (2)
    - sacrum
    - coccyx
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4
Q

Description of femur (thigh bone)

-length

A
  1. longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body

2. roughly 4X the length of femur determines the height of individual

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5
Q

Tibia (shinbone)

  • function
  • location
  • articualtions (3)
A
  1. weight bearing
  2. medially located
    3.
    -femur (superiorly)
    -talus (inferiorly)
    fibula (laterally)
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6
Q

Fibula

-function

A
  • no function in weight bearing

- serves mainly for muscle attachments and as support for tibia

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7
Q

Three bones in the foot

A
  1. tarsus
  2. metatarsus
  3. phalanges
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8
Q 
Hip bones (ossa coxae)
-fusion of three bones
A

forms in young adult by fusion of:

  1. ilium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
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9
Q

Ilium

  • description of parts
  • location
A
  • Fan-shaped
  • Ala (wing)
  • Body (handle) forms superior part of acetabulum
  • Iliac crest is the superior margin; runs btw anterior and posterior superior iliac spines
  • iliac fossa is concave internal surface
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10
Q

ischium

-name five parts

A
  1. Body-posterior part of acetabulum
  2. Ramus-inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
  3. ischial tuberosity
  4. ischial spine
  5. lesser sciatic notch
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11
Q

Pubis

-three parts

A
  1. body-lies medially and articulates with pubis of other side at pubic symphysis
  2. superior ramus-anterior part of acetabulum
  3. inferior ramus- inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
  4. acetabulum (hip socket)
  5. obturator foramen-closed in the living body by the obturator membrane
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12
Q 
Hip bones (ossa coxae)
-articulations
A
  1. anteriorly joined at the pubic symphysis (symphysis joint)
  2. posteriorly joined to sacrum at sacroiliac joint (suture joint)
  3. forms pelvic girdle
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13
Q

formation of sacrum and coccyx

A

Sacrum
-formed by fusion of 5 originally separate sacral vertebrae

Coccyx
-formed by fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae

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14
Q

Four pelvic joints

A
  1. lumbrosacral (L5 & S1)
  2. sacroiliac
  3. sacrococcygeal
  4. pubic symphysis
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15
Q

pelvic ligaments

A
  1. posterior sacrococcygeal
  2. posterior sacroiliac
    - interosseus
    - posterior, continuous w/ sacrotuberous
  3. sacrospinous
  4. iliolumbar
  5. sacrotuberous
  6. inguinal
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16
Q

sacroiliac joint movement

A
  1. small movements, limited by many sacroiliac ligaments
  2. greater movement in females
  3. nutation is the term for rotation in the sagittal plane
  4. anterior rotation of the sacrum increases size of pelvic outlet
  5. most important during childbirth
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17
Q

Fracture of femur

A
  • violent direct injury may fracture the femur
  • fracture of neck of femur common over the age of 60
  • more common in women due to postmenopausal osteoporosis (fracture of hip)
18
Q

Bones & muscles around thigh region

A

Bones

  • femur
  • patella

Muscles

  • anterior thigh m.
  • medial thigh m.
  • posterior thigh m.
19
Q

Muscles of thigh (nerve, muscles, motion)

  • anterior thigh m. (5)
  • medial thigh m. (7)
  • posterior thigh m. (6)
A
  1. anterior thigh m.
    - supplied by femoral nerve
    - sartorius
    - quadriceps femoris (extensor of leg)
    - Iliopsoas (flexor of thigh)
    - pectineus (flexor & adductor of thigh)
  2. medial thigh m.
    - supplied by obturator nerve
    - adductors of thigh
    - adductor longus
    - adductor brevis
    - 1/2 of adductor magnus
    - gracilis
    - obturator externus
  3. posterior thigh m.
    - supplied by sciatic nerve
    - semimembranosus
    - semitendinosus
    - biceps femoris
    - 1/2 adductor magnus
20
Q

Anterior thigh muscles function and innervation

Ant thigh muscles (7)

A
  • usually hip flexors and knee extensors
  • usually innervated by femoral nerve

Anterior thigh muscles

  • pectineus
  • sartorius
  • Iliopsoas
  • quadriceps femoris
    1. rectus femoris
    2. vastus lateralis
    3. vastus intermedius
    4. vastus medialis
21
Q

Pectineus OINA

A

O-pectineal line of pubis (pecten pubis)
I- pectineal line of femur
N-femoral nerve
A- flexes & adducts thigh

22
Q

Sartorius OINA

A

O-Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
I-superior medial tibia
N- femoral nerve
A- flexes (hip), abducts, & laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee

23
Q

Psoas Major OINA

A

O-transverse processes, intervertebral disc, bodies of T12-L5
I- lesser trochanter of femur
N- L1-L3
A- flexes thigh and stabalizes trunk

24
Q

Iliacus OINA

A

O-superior 2/3 of iliac fossa
I-lesser trochanter
N-femoral nerve
A-flexes thigh & stabilizes trunk

25
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A
  • all insert onto quadriceps femoris tendon
  • quadriceps femoris tendon inserts into patella
  • only the rectus femoris spans two joints
  • other three span only knee joint (extending it)
  • all innervated by femoral nerve (L2-L4)
  • quadriceps are used in climbing, running, jumping, and rising from a chair
26
Q

Rectus femoris OINA

A

O-AIIS and ilium
I-base of patella
N-femoral nerve
A- extends knee; flexes thigh

27
Q

Vastus Lateralis OINA

A

O-intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter and lateral linea aspera
I-base of patella
N-femoral nerve
A-extends knee

28
Q

Vastus intermedius OINA

A

O-anterior & lateral surface of shaft of femur
I-base of patella
N-femoral nerve
A-extends knee

29
Q

Vastus Medialis OINA

A

O-intertrochanteric line & medial linea aspera
I-base of patella
N- femoral nerve
A- extends knee

30
Q

patellar ligament

-tendons

A
  1. tendons of the quadriceps form quadriceps tendons
    • attaches to patella
  2. continues as patellar ligament (tendon)
    - attached to tibial tuberosity
31
Q

Patella (knee cap)

  • what bone
  • how does it form
  • articulate with?
  • parts (3)
A
  1. large sesamoid bone-triangular shape
  2. formed intratendinously within quadriceps tendon
  3. articulates with femur but not tibia
  4. -
    - base
    - medial & lateral border
    - apex
32
Q

What is quadriceps reflex?

A

When patellar ligament is tapped briskly, contraction of quadriceps is elicited resulting in extension of knee joint (patellar reflex, knee reflex, knee jerk).
-Exaggeration, slowing, or absence of the reaction suggests that there may be damage to the central nervous system

33
Q

What is the function of patella?

A
  • causes force generated by quadriceps femoris to be more parallel to the line of action on the tibia
  • at birth it is cartilagenous.
  • becomes ossified btw 3-6 yo
34
Q

Description of medial thigh muscles group

  • name the muscles involved
  • action
  • nerve innervation
A 
Adductor group:
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-adductor part of Adductor magnus
-gracilis
-obturator externus
* (Pectineus)
Action:
-adduction of thigh
Innervated by  obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Exception:
-hamstring part of adductor magnus ---tibial nerve part of Sciatic nerve
35
Q

What is a pulled groin

A

strethcing, straining, and tearing away of tendinous origin of adductors

36
Q

Medial Thigh Muscle:

Adductor Longus OINA

A

O-pubis, inferior to pubic crest
I-middle third of linea aspera
N-obturator nerve
A-adducts thigh

37
Q

Medial Thigh Muscle:

Adductor Longus

A

O-pubis, inferior to pubic crest
I-middle third of linea aspera
N-obturator nerve
A-adducts thigh

38
Q

Medial Thigh Muscle:

Adductor Brevis

A

O-body and inferior ramus of pubis
I-pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
N-obturator nerve
A-adducts thigh

39
Q

Medial Thigh Muscle:

Obturator externus

A

O-outer surface of obturator membrane, bony boundaries of obturator foramen
I-trochanteric fossa of femur
N-obturator nerve
A-lateral rotation of thigh

40
Q

Medial Thigh Muscle:

Adductor magnus

A

O-inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium; ischial tuberosity
I- gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (adductor part); adductor tubercle (hamstring part)
N-Obturator nerve (adductor part) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (hamstring part)
A- adducts thigh (adductor part); extends thigh (hamstring part)

41
Q

Location of adductor hiatus

-and what it does

A
  • opening at inferior insertion of adductor magnus

- forms the inferior end of adductor canal (Hunter’s canal) through which passes the femoral vessels

42
Q

Gracilis

OINA

A

O-body and inferior ramus of pubis
I- superior part of medial surface of tibia
N-obturator nerve
A-adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg

It is weak adductor and the only one in the to cross knee joint. Can be grafted to the arm.

Gross Ant (18 decks)

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