The Muscular System

Question 1

Name the muscles (13)

Answer 1

Deltoid
Pectorals
Triceps
Biceps
Abdominals
Latissimus dorsi
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior
External obliques
Hip flexors
Gluteus Maximus

Question 2

What is a Tendon?

Answer 2

Tendons connect muscles to bones.

Question 3

What is a Ligament?

Answer 3

Ligaments are tough, elastic fibres that link bones to bones.

Question 4

What is Cartilage?

Answer 4

Cartilage prevents the ends of bones rubbing together at joints.

Question 5

What happens when muscles contract?

Answer 5

Muscles pull on the bones, via the tendons, to allow movement (contraction) in two directions.
Muscles shorten when they contract

Question 6

There are 2 main types of contraction:

Answer 6

Isometric

Isotonic

Question 7

Voluntary –

Answer 7

Of the skeletal system. Are moved consciously. Movement occurs when the muscle contracts and pulls on the bone. Attachment via tendons. In sport – all movement

Question 8

Involuntary –

Answer 8

Found in blood vessels and digestive system. Moved unconsciously (not controlled by you). Constantly working. Controlled by the nervous system. In sport – can redistribute blood when needed – vascular shunting

Question 9

Cardiac –

Answer 9

Only found in the heart. Works unconsciously (not controlled by you). We do not make it contract contracts – pumps blood around the body. In sport – Heart rate increases to supply more blood (containing O2) to working muscles

Question 10

What are the 4 antagonistic pairs? (4)

Answer 10

Biceps Triceps
Hamstrings Quadriceps
Gluteus maximus Hip flexors
Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior

Question 11

What are the 3 muscle fiber types

Answer 11

1. slow twitch (type l)
2. fast twitch (type lla)
3. fast twitch (type llx)

Question 12

SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES (Type I) - example

Answer 12

–Needed in long distance endurance activities e.g. swimming, running, cycling.

Question 13

FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES (Type IIa /Type IIx) - example

Answer 13

FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES (Type IIa /Type IIx)These fibres contract very fast.

IIa – medium endurance = 400m, Fatigue quickly

IIx – low endurance = 100m. Fatigue very quickly.

Question 14

What is the speed type l, type lla and type llx muscle contract at?

Answer 14

Contraction Speed
Type I: Slow
Type IIa: Fast
Type IIx: Very Fast

Question 15

What muscle fiber types do athletes need?

Answer 15

Elite endurance athletes possess a high percentage of slow twitch fibres.

Elite explosive athletes possess a high percentage of fast twitch muscle fibres.

Question 16

What is isometric?

Answer 16

The muscle is contracted but the length stays the same. e.g. holding a handstand

Question 17

What is isotonic

Answer 17

The muscle moves under pressure. It shortens and lengthens. e.g. tricep extension

Question 18

What is the force type l, type lla and type llx muscle contract at?

Answer 18

Force
Type I: Low
Type IIa: Medium
Type IIx: High

Question 19

What is the resistance to fatigue type l, type lla and type llx muscle are?

Answer 19

Resistance to fatigue
Type I: High
Type IIa: Medium
Type IIx: Low

Question 20

What is the colour of type l, type lla and type llx muscle?

Answer 20

Colour
Type I: Red
Type IIa: Pink
Type IIx: White

Question 21

What is the agonist in the antagonistic muscle pairs?

Answer 21

The muscle contracting

Question 22

What is the antagonist in the antagonistic muscle pairs?

Answer 22

The muscle relaxing/lengthening