Skeletal System

Question 1

Name all the bones?

Answer 1

Cranium, clavicle, scapula, humorous, radius, carpals, meta carpals, phalanges, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals

Question 2

vertebral column

Answer 2

Between each vertebra there is a pad of cartilage which allows movement and prevents friction.

The vertebrae protects the spinal cord.

Question 3

What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column

Answer 3

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx (cats think lions stabbed cows)

Question 4

Long bones

Answer 4

Long bones have a long shaft and are responsible for different types of movement. Sporting actions are created by long bones through levers.

Long bones can be any size; they include the femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, metacarpals and phalanges.

Question 5

Flat bones

Answer 5

1. Protection for delicate areas.
   i.e. the cranium protects the brain.
2. Provides a broad surface area for muscle attachment.
   i.e. muscles in the back attach to the pelvis.

Question 6

Short bones

Answer 6

Short bones are light, small and very strong. The primary function is to support the weight of the body.

The carpals in the wrist and the tarsals in the foot are examples of short bones.

Question 7

Irregular bones

Answer 7

Irregular bones are specially shaped to perform a particular function.
1. Protection
2. Muscle attachment

Examples include the patella and the vertebrae.

Question 8

Blood cell production

Answer 8

Blood cell production – blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

Question 9

Muscle Attachment

Answer 9

Muscle Attachment – The skeleton provides a surface for muscles to attach to.

Question 10

Mineral Storage

Answer 10

Mineral Storage– The skeleton stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, needed for strong bones and teeth.

Question 11

Joints for Movement

Answer 11

Joints for Movement – The bones of the skeleton form joints in the body which produce movement. Working together with muscles the skeleton creates levers.

Question 12

Protection

Answer 12

Protection – The skeleton protects delicate parts of the body like the brain.

Question 13

Why do we need minerals?

Answer 13

Minerals are essential for the maintenance ofgood health and the prevention ofa number ofdiseases.

Question 14

What is an joint?

Answer 14

“A joint is a place where two or more bones meet”.

Question 15

What is a Ball and socket joint?

Answer 15

The rounded end of a bone fits inside a cup-shaped end

Ball and socket joints allow movement in all directions. These are the most mobile joints in the body.

Question 16

What is a Hinge joints?

Answer 16

Only allow forwards and backwards movement like the hinge on a door.

Question 17

What is a The Pivot joint?

Answer 17

Has a ring of bone that fits over a pivoting bone. Pivot joints allow rotation only.

Question 18

What is a Condyloid joints?

Answer 18

Have an oval-shaped bone which fits into a similar shaped bone. They allow small movements in all directions.

Question 19

Flexion and Extension

Answer 19

FLEXION – Decreasing the angle at a joint. (Bending the joint)
EXTENSION - Increasing the angle at a joint. (Straightening the joint)
Occurs at: Elbow, knee

Question 20

Abduction & Adduction

Answer 20

ADDUCTION
Sideways moving limb towards midline of the body.
ABDUCTION –
Sideways moving limb away from midline of the body
Occurs at: Hip, shoulder

Question 21

Circumduction

Answer 21

The joint moves in a circular motion. In the shape of a cone. Allows 360 degree movement
Occurs at: Hip, shoulder

Question 22

Rotation

Answer 22

Pivoting a bone around its axis
Occurs at: Hip, shoulder

Question 23

Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

Answer 23

Dorsi-flexion –
The action of pulling toes up towards the body.
Planter-flexion –
The action of pointing toes down and away from the body.

Question 24

What are the 5 functions of the skeleton? (5)

Answer 24

1. Blood cell production
2. Muscle attachment
3. Mineral storage
4. Joints for movement
5. Protection of vital organs

Question 25

Example of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 25

Examples found in the body: Shoulders and hips.

Question 26

Example of a hinge joint?

Answer 26

Examples found in the body: The knee and elbow.

Question 27

Example of a condyloid joint?

Answer 27

Examples found in the body: Found between the carpals and metacarpals in the wrist.

Question 28

Example of a pivot joint?

Answer 28

Examples found in the body: The joint between the atlas and axis in the neck allows turning and nodding of the head.

Question 29

Why is a ball and socket joint important to an athlete?

Answer 29

Most sporting movements require movement by the shoulder and hip joints e.g. tennis serve

Question 30

Why is a hinge joint important to an athlete?

Answer 30

These joints are extremely powerful and in conjunction with surrounding muscles can produce power and speed e.g. Knee drive during a 100m sprint

Question 31

Why is a pivot joint important to an athlete?

Answer 31

This joint allows for small movements that assist a larger sporting action
e.g. breathing during a swimming stroke

Question 32

Why is a condyloid joint important to an athlete?

Answer 32

These joints are extremely useful when a sport involves gripping a ball. e.g. handball throw