Skeletal System Flashcards
Name all the bones?
Cranium, clavicle, scapula, humorous, radius, carpals, meta carpals, phalanges, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals
vertebral column
Between each vertebra there is a pad of cartilage which allows movement and prevents friction.
The vertebrae protects the spinal cord.
What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx (cats think lions stabbed cows)
Long bones
Long bones have a long shaft and are responsible for different types of movement. Sporting actions are created by long bones through levers.
Long bones can be any size; they include the femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, metacarpals and phalanges.
Flat bones
- Protection for delicate areas.
i.e. the cranium protects the brain. - Provides a broad surface area for muscle attachment.
i.e. muscles in the back attach to the pelvis.
Short bones
Short bones are light, small and very strong. The primary function is to support the weight of the body.
The carpals in the wrist and the tarsals in the foot are examples of short bones.
Irregular bones
Irregular bones are specially shaped to perform a particular function.
1. Protection
2. Muscle attachment
Examples include the patella and the vertebrae.
Blood cell production
Blood cell production – blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
Muscle Attachment
Muscle Attachment – The skeleton provides a surface for muscles to attach to.
Mineral Storage
Mineral Storage– The skeleton stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, needed for strong bones and teeth.
Joints for Movement
Joints for Movement – The bones of the skeleton form joints in the body which produce movement. Working together with muscles the skeleton creates levers.
Protection
Protection – The skeleton protects delicate parts of the body like the brain.
Why do we need minerals?
Minerals are essential for the maintenance ofgood health and the prevention ofa number ofdiseases.
What is an joint?
“A joint is a place where two or more bones meet”.
What is a Ball and socket joint?
The rounded end of a bone fits inside a cup-shaped end
Ball and socket joints allow movement in all directions. These are the most mobile joints in the body.
What is a Hinge joints?
Only allow forwards and backwards movement like the hinge on a door.
What is a The Pivot joint?
Has a ring of bone that fits over a pivoting bone. Pivot joints allow rotation only.
What is a Condyloid joints?
Have an oval-shaped bone which fits into a similar shaped bone. They allow small movements in all directions.
Flexion and Extension
FLEXION – Decreasing the angle at a joint. (Bending the joint)
EXTENSION - Increasing the angle at a joint. (Straightening the joint)
Occurs at: Elbow, knee
Abduction & Adduction
ADDUCTION
Sideways moving limb towards midline of the body.
ABDUCTION –
Sideways moving limb away from midline of the body
Occurs at: Hip, shoulder
Circumduction
The joint moves in a circular motion. In the shape of a cone. Allows 360 degree movement
Occurs at: Hip, shoulder
Rotation
Pivoting a bone around its axis
Occurs at: Hip, shoulder
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
Dorsi-flexion –
The action of pulling toes up towards the body.
Planter-flexion –
The action of pointing toes down and away from the body.
What are the 5 functions of the skeleton? (5)
- Blood cell production
- Muscle attachment
- Mineral storage
- Joints for movement
- Protection of vital organs
Example of a ball and socket joint?
Examples found in the body: Shoulders and hips.
Example of a hinge joint?
Examples found in the body: The knee and elbow.
Example of a condyloid joint?
Examples found in the body: Found between the carpals and metacarpals in the wrist.
Example of a pivot joint?
Examples found in the body: The joint between the atlas and axis in the neck allows turning and nodding of the head.
Why is a ball and socket joint important to an athlete?
Most sporting movements require movement by the shoulder and hip joints e.g. tennis serve
Why is a hinge joint important to an athlete?
These joints are extremely powerful and in conjunction with surrounding muscles can produce power and speed e.g. Knee drive during a 100m sprint
Why is a pivot joint important to an athlete?
This joint allows for small movements that assist a larger sporting action
e.g. breathing during a swimming stroke
Why is a condyloid joint important to an athlete?
These joints are extremely useful when a sport involves gripping a ball. e.g. handball throw
