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World History I > The Middle Ages > Flashcards

The Middle Ages Flashcards

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1
Q

Clovis

A

Christianity

Frankish kingdom

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2
Q

Charlemagne

A

Christianity

Carolingian empire
Roman Emperor

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3
Q

Monk

A

Someone who dedicates themselves to God by separating themselves from normal society

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4
Q

Nuns

A

Lady monks

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5
Q

Carolingian

A

The name used for Charlemagne’s Empire

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6
Q

Feudalism

A

Medieval social and political system, national governments could no longer defend their subjects, so nobles/aristocrats offered protection in return for land and service from peasants

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7
Q

Pope

A

The leader of the Roman Catholic Church (Western Christian)

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8
Q

Missionaries

A

People who try to spread their religion

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9
Q

Sacraments

A

Religious ceremonies (baptism, confession, etc.)

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10
Q

After Charlemagne was crowned ————– in — AD, Church and the state often fought over —–

A

Holy Roman Emperor
800
Power

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11
Q

The Church had its own —— and often functioned as a —— during the Middle Ages

A

Hierarchy

Government

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12
Q

The Church united people during —– (plagues, barbarian, invasions, bad harvests)

A

Crises

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13
Q

No matter the circumstances, all people could follow the same path to ——-

A

Salvation

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14
Q

Sacraments

A

Performed by priests which helped people on their journey to salvation

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15
Q

Everyone was subjected to ——-(—–) in matters such as —– or ——–

A

Canon law
Law of the church
Marriage
Religious practices

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16
Q

Excommunication

A

You don’t get sacraments (so, Hell)

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17
Q

Interdict

A

The sacraments could not be performed in the offenders kingdom which means the people in the kingdom could not earn salvation

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18
Q

Vassal

A

A man who served his lord in a military capacity

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19
Q

Knight

A

Heavily armored cavalry; a class of warriors in medieval Europe

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20
Q

Fief

A

The land a lord gives to a vassal

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21
Q

Feudal contract

A

The set of unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and a vassal

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22
Q

Chivalry

A

An ideal code of behavior for knights

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23
Q

Over time, the church began to resent ———–

A

Powerful kings

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24
Q

Lay investiture

A

Ceremony where kings appointed church officials

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25
Q

Clergy dislikes ——- (big shock)

A

Lay investiture

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26
Q

——– banned the lay investiture in 1075

A

Pope Gregory VII

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27
Q

German Emperor ——- called the Pope out and was ————; he then lost his support from the ——– in Germany and had to beg the pope for ———

A

Henry IV
Excommunicated
Clergy
Forgiveness

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28
Q

In —- the representatives of the —— and the ———— met to decide what to so about the ———-

A

1122
Church
Holy Roman Empire
Lay investiture

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29
Q

Concordat of Worms

A

Only the church can appoint bishops but the Holy Roman Emperor had veto power

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30
Q

Another important role of the church:

A

HUMAN XEROX MACHINES

And preservers of knowledge

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31
Q

Greek, Roman, and Medieval books survive because…

A

Monks copied them down

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32
Q

In Feudalism, punishment for the crime was based less on the —– than on the ——– of the victim

A

Crime

Social rank

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33
Q

Benefits granted a vassal under feudalism

A

Land
Political power over land
Lords took care of them

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34
Q

Vassal’s primary obligation to his lord

A

Perform military service 40 days a year

Give advice

Make payments on certain occasion

Provide ransom if The Lord is captured

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35
Q

What factors helped feudalism develop in Western Europe during the ninth and tenth centuries?

A

Invasions: Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims

Centralized governments get weaker (invasions make it worse)

Central gov. can’t help? People turn to local lords who can

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36
Q

Why did cities such as Venice flourish as a result of the Crusades?

A

Crusaders establish 4 kingdoms in Holy Land, need supplies, and Venice provides, Italian cities profit

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37
Q

First Crusade

A

Warriors/knights of Western Europe (France), motivated by religion

Crusaders capture Antioch, Jerusalem; Italian merchants start to get rich; four crusader states are organized

38
Q

Second Crusade

A

Knights/warriors, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, King Louis VII of France, Emperor Conrad III of Germany

Failed attempt to help the Crusader states fight Muslim armies

39
Q

Third Crudsade

A

Knights/warriors, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, Richard of England, Philip II Augustus of France

Richard made a settlement with Saladin so that Christians could have free access to Jerusalem; coastal cities

40
Q

Feudalism social structure

A 
Pope/Church
Monarch
Nobles
Knights/Vassals
Merchants/farmers/Craftsmen
Peasants/Serfs
41
Q

Feudalism: centralized or not?

A

Decentralized

42
Q

Center of life in the average medieval village

A

Church/parish

43
Q

Name the modern day countries that were included in Charlemagne’s empire

A 
France
Germany
Polland
Italy
Switzerland
Czech. Rep.
Austria
44
Q

Not since the ———— has so much of the continent been under the command of one man

A

Fall of Rome

45
Q

Charlemagne launched more than —– military campaigns on his lifetime. He is at war most of the time

A

50

46
Q

What happened to people who refused to be a Christian in Charlemagne’s kingdom?

A

The people were executed (death penalty)

47
Q

What move did Charlemagne make that was similar to the Tang empire’s, or Prince Shotoku’s, reforms?

A

Divides his empire into territories/counties and has counts (governors) appointed

48
Q

What evidence is there of equality in Charlemagne’s policies regarding education?

A

Schools were free; regardless of class you go to school

49
Q

What did Charlemagne try to learn to do that was so surprising?

A

How to read and write

50
Q

What event officially made Charlemagne “emperor of the West?”

A

The pope crowns him emperor of the Roman Empire

51
Q

Crusades

A

A series of religious wars fought by European Christians to control the Holy Land (modern day Israel/Syria/Palestine)

Fought between Western Christians and Muslims

52
Q

Crusades motivations

A

“God wills it”–that’s what the crowd shouted when Pope Urban II announced the Crusades

The Byzantine emperor asked to help against invading Muslims

Won back the area where Christ lived and worked

Indulgences! Go on Crusade and you’ll be free of afterlife penalties for confessed sins

Also? Crusaders were freed of debts and lawsuits

53
Q

Inquisition

A

A court run by the church. Their job was to find heretics. The Inquisition demonstrates the church’s power, and their desire to stop heresy. Punishments ranged from flogging (whipping) to execution

54
Q

Manor

A

An agricultural estate run by a lord, worked on/in by peasants

55
Q

Serfs

A

Peasants that were legally bound to the land (about 60% of Europe’s population)

56
Q

Money economy

A

The opposite of a barter system; an economy based on money

57
Q

Commercial capitalism

A

An economic system where people invest to make a profit; a system of rational self intrest

58
Q

Years of the Black Death

A

1330–1350

59
Q

Where did the plague start?

A

China

60
Q

How does the Black Death spread?

A

Trade routes
Fleas
Rats

61
Q

Cure for the Black Death?

A

No

62
Q

How many people die of the Black Death in Europe?

A

1/3-1/2

63
Q

Flagellants

A

Whipped themselves b/c they thought the plague was a punishment from God and they hit themselves as a punishment

64
Q

What is the Black Death?

A

A massive plague. The biggest natural disaster in European histrory. The Bubonic plague was the Black Death’s most common form

65
Q

Effects of the Black Death?

A

Decline in trade (fewer workers b/c so many are dead)

Higher cost of labor (fewer workers, so they cost more to hire), more work opportunities) for women

HUGE population decrease

66
Q

How did the Pax Mongolica make it easier for the Black Death to spread?

A

Plague spread by trade routes, so the Pax Mongolica allowed for death and chaos of the plague. The central Asian trade routes guarded by the Mongols largely close down as a result of the plague

67
Q

Medieval Europe is

A

Patriarchal

68
Q

From ___-___, more opportunities for women thanks to ——- and ———

A

1000
1200
Urbanization
Economic growth

69
Q

By the —– there were fewer opportunities for women

A

1400s

70
Q

The church offered opportunities for women in a ——

A

Nunnery

**meant freedom from a patriarchal world

71
Q

The Late Middle Ages

A

1300-1500 AD

Characterized by war and the Black Death

72
Q

Important military innovation in England

A

English longbow

73
Q

Knights

A

Rich/high on the social ladder

74
Q

Longbow men

A

Tended to be peasants/ farmers

75
Q

Could a longbow pierce armor?

A

Yes

76
Q

Does it take a great deal of strength to pull back the arrow?

A

Yes

77
Q

Range of the longbow

A

Up to 900 feet

78
Q

The Hundred Years’ War

A

1337-1453

79
Q

Why did the Hundred Years’ War start?

A

Struggles between French and English royal families I’ve who would rule either country

Conflicts over territory, trade

80
Q

The church was a

A

Unifying force in the Early and High Middle Ages

81
Q

By the late Middle Ages…

A

The Church is losing its power

People trust it less

82
Q

One big reason for the decrease in the church influences is the “Babylonian” ———– (1305-1375) which isn’t Babylonian

A

Captivity

83
Q

In 1303, —————– kidnaps the pope from Rome and puts him in ———–.
When that pope dies, ————

A

The French Philip IV
Avignon, France
Philip appoints his own pope

84
Q

After Philip appoints his own pope, it makes the pope seem like he is working for ———, rather than God and the church’s followers

A

The King of France

85
Q

In 1378, the Pope moves back to Rome, but some of the people in the Avignon ————-

A

Appoint their own pope

86
Q

When The Avignon appointed their own pope, this is called the..

A

Second Great Schism and it goes on until 1414 when the Avignon papacy shuts down, and the Roman pope, again is in charge

87
Q

Early Middle Ages

A

500-1000 AD

88
Q

High Middle Ages

A

1000-1300 AD

89
Q

The Hundred Years War: Battles

A

England had early victories

The French eventually expelled the British from mainland Europe

English military innovation: the archer and the longbow

90
Q

What significance did Charlemagne’s coronation as Roman emperor have to do with the development of European civilization?

A

This demonstrated the strength of the idea of enduring the Roman Empire. This also showed the coming together of Roman, Christian, and Germanic elements

World History I (37 decks)

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