Islam Flashcards
Describe the people on Arabia
Warriors
Geography of Arabia
Hot, dry desert
Before Muhammad, they worshipped…
Stars and stones (animistic)
How did Muhammad learn about different religions?
Talking to pilgrims
What is one thing that particularly impressed Muhammad?
Ethical monotheism
The angel Gabriel told Muhammad to
“ _________…__________”
“Rise and give warning…Honour thy God”
Hegira
The Emigration
Year 0 for Muslims
Muhammad escapes Mecca
16 June 622
Shahada
Profession of faith (saying you believe in Allah), there is no God but Allah
Salat
Prayer five times a day, facing Mecca
Sawm
Fasting (not eating or drinking) during Ramadan
Zakat
Charity for less fortunate
Hajj
Pilgrimage (journey to pray) to Mecca at least once in your life
Caliph
Successor (next in line) to Muhammad
Jihad
“Struggle in the way if God,” defensive warfare for the sake of Islam
Shiite Muslims
Muslims who believe only descendants of Ali are Islam’s true rulers
Sunni Muslims
Muslims who accepted rulers other that Ali’s relations
Vizier
Prime minister/advisor to the Abbasid Dynasty
Mosque
A Muslim place of worship
Abu Bakr
Muhammad’s father in law and direct successor
Mu’awiyah
Became caliph in 661, Syria’s governor, Ali’s chief rival
Umayyad dynasty
Mu’awiyah’s family of rulers that came after him
Berbers
Pastoral people living along the Mediterranean coast of Northern Africa
Hussein
Second son of Ali, son in law of Muhammad, led revolt against Umayyad rule in 680
Abbasid dynasty
Abu al Abbas overthrew Umayyad dynasty and started Abbasid dynasty until 1258, moved capital to Baghdad
Harun al Rashid
Best known caliph of Abbasid dynasty whose reign is often described as the golden age
Mu’awiyah (General) created the Umayyad dynasty by…
- choosing a caliphate in his family
- only using force when necessary
Jobs made respectable under the Abbasids
Judges
Merchants
Government officials
Bureaucrats—massive bureaucracy
The Umayyad dynasty values
Warriors
Abbasids
Persians
Why did the Mongols gradually accept the Islams?
To adopt practices of conquered cultures
Strengths of Abbasid
Wealth
Army
Intellectual achievements
Government/law
Weaknesses of Abbasid
War, split, economic corruption
Astrolabe
An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the positions of the stars and planets
Minaret
The tower on a mosque from which people are called to prayer
Muzzein
The person who calls the faithful to prayer
Arabesques
Geometric patterns that were drawn, as decorations, over and over again
Ibn Rushd
An Arabic philosopher who wrote commentaries on Aristotle’s books
Hims
Syrians
How did the Muslims transmit ancient literature?
Authors: Aristotle and Plato
Translating them into other languages
Cultures that influenced Islamic art/architecture:
Arab
Turkish
Persian
Rubaiyat
Middle Eastern
By Omar Khayyam
Poetry about the meaning/length of life
Realistic
The Arabian Nights/The 1001 Nights
Folktales/fables/romances
Supernatural/natural characters
Allow people to enter a land of wish fulfillment
Fictional
What do Sunnis and Shiites disagree about?
Inheritance/successors
Shiites want Ali, Muhammad’s son in law
Which caliphates/empires are Sunni and which are Shiites?
Abbasid and Fatimids were Shiites
Ghazhavids, Seljuk Turks, Umayyad, and Ayyubids were Sunnis
Dhimmi
The name for non Muslim people who surrendered by a treaty (dhimma) to Muslim domination
How were high standards ensured at bazaars?
Market inspectors enforced rules/guidelines about food/what can/can’t be sold at the bazaar
What was sold at the bazaar?
Goods from all over
What was the importance of trade to Arab life, both in rural areas and in cities?
Food, materials, gold, ideas, and culture
Strengthens the economy
Currency made (source of power)
What role does the Tigris River play in terms of hygiene and trade?
Provided water for homes in Baghdad
Transportation to different parts of Baghdad (trade route)
River is used to clean/sweep/water the city
List the most prominent buildings in Baghdad
Palace
Watch towers/barracks
Mosques
Hospitals/infirmaries
In what ways did Baghdad function as an international city?
A lot of trade
On the Tigris River
Many people from different places
