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World History I > Rome > Flashcards

Rome Flashcards

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0
Q

Patrician

A

Wealthy landowners, aristocrats, very little of the population

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1
Q

Republic

A

A type of government where certain citizens have the right to vote, and people elect leaders who make decisions for them (also called indirect democracy)

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2
Q

Plebeian

A

Less wealthy, farmers, artisans, merchants, majority of population

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3
Q

Consul

A

Chief executive position (like the President) of the Roman Republic; there were always two– one plebeian and one patrician (like the Sith, though Consuls aren’t evil)

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4
Q

Praetor

A

Position in charge of civil law

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5
Q

Senate

A

Legislative body of 300 Patricians that voted/made decisions for Rome; have the FORCE of law; ruled for life; influences state policy; advices consuls

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6
Q

Where is Carthage?

A

Northern Africa

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7
Q

What do the Romans do to destroy Carthage?

A
  • Salt the soil so that crops can’t grow

* burn buildings

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8
Q

Mare Nostrum

A

The Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea; it means “our sea”

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9
Q

Punic Wars

A

A series of three wars between Carthage and Rome; Rome wins and becomes the master of the Mediterranean

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10
Q

Twelve Tables

A
  • Rome’s early law code (list of laws), adopted in 450 BC
  • written law code that served as the basis for the Roman legal system(all free citizens had the right to protection of the law)
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11
Q

Carthage

A

A north African city state; Rome’s big en enemy; originally a Phoenician colony

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12
Q

Hannibal

A

Carthaginian general; starts 2nd Punic war

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13
Q

Periodization of the republic of Rome

A

Romans judge/divide history by Consuls

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14
Q

centuriate assembly

A

Pass laws; citizen soldiers; makes laws; selects consuls; rule for life (patrician controlled)

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15
Q

By 260….

A

Rome controlled the entire Italian peninsula south of the Po River

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16
Q

How do we know about Carthage?

A

Archaeology, stories passed down from Roman/Greek sources (worry about bias here)

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17
Q

How did the Romans build a navy?

A

Carthegian warship— studied it, took it apart, copied its style (reverse engineering)

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18
Q

How did the Romans adapt their style of fighting to naval warfare?

A

turn naval into land warfare by using planks to connect ships to fight up close

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19
Q

What was the worst defeat the Romans faced in the Second Punic War?

A

Cannae

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20
Q

The tide didn’t turn against Hannibal until the Senate called up…

A

Scipio

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21
Q

What was Scipio’s brilliant but risky plan?

A

Invade Carthage

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22
Q

Were the 12 Tables harsh or lenient?

A

harsh

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23
Q

What was a praetor’s job?

A

Interpret laws, judge

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24
Q

If a new ruling worked, was it forgotten?

A

No, it was applied by successors (precedent), law grows

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25
Q

What was the largest body of Roman law?

A

jus civile or common law— doesn’t apply to non-Romans

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26
Q

What did the Romans do with the laws of conquered states?

A

Incorporated them into civil law= like Persians

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27
Q

Patrician males could

A

Vote and hold office

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28
Q

Plebeian males could

A

vote

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29
Q

Tribune

A

Elected Plebeian representatives who protected the plebeians from unfair acts of the patricians

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30
Q

Top:

A

Two consuls, in charge of the army and directed the government; ruled for one year; could not be re-elected for 10 years; could veto each other

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31
Q

Tribal assembly

A

Elects tributes and makes laws out first for just common people later for the whole republic (plebeian controlled)

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32
Q

Judicial Branch

A

Praetors (judges); 8 ruled for a year — 6 govern provinces, 2 oversee criminal and civil courts

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33
Q

Dictator

A
  • leader with absolute power to make laws and lead the army
  • chosen during times of crisis by the consul and elected by the Senate
  • served for 6 months
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34
Q

Greco-Roman culture

A

Mixture of Hellenistic, Greek, and Roman culture (Classical civilization)

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35
Q

Created…

A

Practical, realistic stone sculptures and mosaics

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36
Q

Mosaics

A

Designs made with pieces of stone, glass, and tile

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37
Q

Many paintings were preserved in…

A

Pompeii due to the ash from Mount Vesuvius

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38
Q

In time, the laws applied to _____________, _______ or _______

A

Everyone
Rich
Poor

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39
Q

______ until proven _______

A

Innocent

guilty

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40
Q

____________ rested with accuser

A

Burden of proof

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41
Q

Punished for ______ not _________

A

Actions

Thoughts

42
Q

___________________ could be set aside

A

Unreasonable/unfair laws

43
Q

Roman law formed the basis for

A

The legal systems in the USA and Europe

44
Q

Virgil

A

Wrote the epic the AENEID which praised Rome and Roman virtues; said government was Rome’s greatest achievement

45
Q

Tacitus

A

Roman historian; he was concerned about Roman mortality

46
Q

Latin

A

Official language of Rome; root of the Romance languages and English

47
Q

Roman Architecture

A
  • The Coliseum
  • Aqueducts— brought water into cities and towns
  • Arch, dome, and concrete
  • Roads— stretched throughout the empire and some are still in use today
  • our buildings were influenced by Roman architecture
48
Q

Roman values

A

Discipline, strength, loyalty, and family

49
Q

Oldest male

A

Head of family, controlled property, and had authority over all family members

50
Q

Upper class women

A

Ran the household, could own property, testify in court but could not vote

51
Q

Women attended…

A

Social activities (public baths, plays, festivals, and games)

52
Q

Lower class women

A

Shopkeepers, weavers, waitresses, mid wives

53
Q

_____ favored over ______

A

Boys

Girls

54
Q

Girls were given the _______ of their father’s name

A

Feminine form

55
Q

Adults age at

A

16

56
Q

Most wealthy boys went to…

A

school

57
Q

Girls were taught at ______ and married between ______ to older men

A

Home

12-15

58
Q

Poor children

A

Had to work and were typically illiterate

59
Q

Slaves were __ of the population; the strengthened the. _____________

A

1/3

Roman economy

60
Q

Slaves included _________________; mostly conquered people; treated cruelly and worked hard labor

A

Men, women, and children

61
Q

Slaves could be ____ and ____, considered ____ of their owner

A

Bought
Sold
property

62
Q

Strong, healthy males were forced to become ______ who fought to the death

A

gladiators

63
Q

Gladiators

A

Professional fighters

64
Q

Most in Republic/Empire are

A

Farmers

65
Q

Currency

A

Bronze, gold, and silver coins

not a barter economy

66
Q

Republican era coins called ____, often made of silver

A

denarii

67
Q

Towards the end of the Imperial period (empire), more and more became ___

A

bronze

68
Q

taxes

A

Paid in money and food

69
Q

trade

A

Stretched as far as England and the Indian Ocean

70
Q

____ and ___ were linked ; had to worship the gods in their homes and in public ceremonies

A

Religion

government

71
Q

Had to worship the _______

A

Emperor

72
Q

Rich had ________ while most people in Rome

A

Huge, expensive parties

73
Q

Most people in the city were __________ by the government

A

Unemployed and supported

74
Q

To distract and control the masses the government provided _____________________________

A

Free entertainment; gladiator contests; games; races; mock battles

75
Q

triumvirate

A

A government of 3 people with equal power

76
Q

imperator

A

Commander in chief, root of the word emperor

77
Q

Crassus

A

Wealthy general, triumvirate member, dies fighting the Parthians

78
Q

Pompey

A

Wealthy general, politician and triumvirate member

79
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Wealthy general, politician, dictator, author, revenge fan. The man who turns Rome from a republic to an empire

80
Q

Gap between _ and _ a problem

A

Rich

poor

81
Q

latifundia problem

A

stole land from soldiers an 1/3 of the total population were slaves

82
Q

Lots of ——- and ——– people since they could not complete with the large latifundias or repair the damage from Hannibal’s army they sold their land (1/4 of population)

A

Jobless

homeless

83
Q

Class tensions between ___________________ spurred the collapse of the republic

A

Soldiers, rich, and poor

84
Q

latifundia

A

Huge farms/plantations

85
Q

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

A

Tribunes came up with reforms to limit the size of the latifundias and give land to the poor

86
Q

The Senate opposed the _____ brothers; they were murdered

A

Gracchus

87
Q

Rome erupted in civil war after the _________

A

Murder of the brothers

88
Q

Politicians could have their own ____ loyal to them and not _____ (soldiers were promised land for their loyalty)

A

Armies

Rome

89
Q

Caesar conquered all of ____; this made him popular with the Roman people

A

Gaul

90
Q

_____ was scared that JC was too powerful; he convinced the senate to order him home and disband his army; Caesar refused; _______

A

Pompey

Civil war erupted

91
Q

Caesar’s troops defeated Pompey’s and retuned to Rome; _________

A

Senate appointed him dictator for life

92
Q

C: people in the provinces got _______

A

Citizenship

93
Q

C: made Senate bigger with friends from _________

A

Italy, Gaul, and provinces

94
Q

C: created ____ for the poor

A

Construction jobs

95
Q

C: increased ___ for soldiers

A

pay

96
Q

C: started _______ where people who had no land could own ___

A

Colonies

Land

97
Q

C: many _______ were scared he had too much power; __________planned his assassination; killed in the Senate on (Ideas of March)

A

Nobles and senators
Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius
March 15 44BCE

98
Q

Caesar died and _____ broke out

A

Civil war

99
Q

3 of his supporters: ________ joined together and took control of Rome = 2nd triumvirate (10 years)

A

Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus

100
Q

Octavian

A

Caesar’s grand nephew and adopted son

101
Q

2nd triumvirate had a violent end

A

Octavian forced Lepidus to retire and he and Antony became rivals

102
Q

Octavian accused Antony of trying to_________;______;____

A

Control Rom from Egypt
Civil war
Antony lost

World History I (37 decks)

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