The Mesopotamians

Question 0

Intellectual contributions

Answer 0

Cuneiform writing, advanced mathematical systems. Advanced geometry and algebra.
Invention of wheel, smelting which revolutionized warfare. Military techniques like siege warfare/intimidation/use of iron weapons.
Centralized government, postal service, library, highways. Astrology and astronomy. Government bureaucracy.

Question 1

Impact of physical geography

Answer 1

Near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (flow to Persian Gulf).
Had problems with seasonal flooding.
Had crops from fertile land like wheat, barley, sesame, flax, and various fruits and vegetables.

Question 2

Traditions (religious beliefs)

Answer 2

Ziggurat - center of community life, served as temple, storehouse and treasury.
Persians eventually adopted Zoroatrianism, an ethical religion based on concept of good and evil. Polytheistic.
They had feasts, marriages, and wars.

Question 3

Trade and commerce

Answer 3

Didn’t use money; bartered.
Irrigated their land and grew crops, more than they needed, so they traded.
Traded and transported goods on boats through the rivers.

Question 4

Artistic forms

Answer 4

Invention of wheel
Wool clothing
Jewelry, earrings and necklaces with stones
Architectural achievements like The Hanging Gardens.