Language Acquisition & Development/Chomsky Flashcards
What are the 5 stages of SLA (second-language acquisition)?
1) Preproduction - non-verbal, little comprehension.
2) Early production - +comprehension, one to Two-word answers.
3) Speech emergence - ++comprehension, simple sentences verbalized.
4) Intermediate language fluency - +++comprehension, grammatical errors
5) Advanced fluency - near level of native speaker
Who are Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell?
According to Stephen Krashen & Tracy Terrell, there are 5 stages of second-language acquisition (SLA).
Describe First Language Development
Competency occurs in 6 major stages:
Birth -1yr - cooing & babbling, imitates vowel and consonant-vowel combination phonemes.
1-2yrs - phonological awareness, can distinguish correct pronunciation. Nouns & verbs vocabulary grows. Two-word combinations.
3-5yrs - vowels & consonants mastered, syllables, denotation, metaphors. More complex sentences.
7-capable of basic reading and writing
8yrs - Complex & compound sentences, all phenomes, regulate rate and volume of speech
What is CUP?
Common Underlying Proficiency Model (CUP) of Bilingual Proficiency.
What is SUP?
Separate Underlying Proficiency Model of Bilingual Proficiency.
Affective Filter Hypothesis:
Virtually all children have the capacity to acquire a second language. However, affective variables such as anxiety, motivation, and self-confidence influence (perhaps even block) the efficiency of a child’s acquisition process proceeds. Anxious, insecure, or poorly motivated learners will filter (mentally block out) input, causing them to exclude potentially useful input from serving as fully utilized intake.
Language Development
Language development is complex - physical, cognitive and social.
Parents play a key role in language development.
Vgotsky’s Language and Thought -
- thought development is determined by language.
Language is not just an expression of ones knowledge but a powerful tool in shaping thought.
English Language Learners (ELL)
ELL must be competent in his/her primary language before “thinking” and understanding new concepts in a new language.
Therefore, intellectual expression cannot take place until thought and knowledge exist.
Children transform mental thought to organize, guide and control their behavior through the use of language. Initially separate, language and thought transition and children begin to use private speech (self-talk) to become more competent.
Chomsky and Language Acquisition
Children are presided neurologically to acquire language.
Infants have a language acquisition device (LAD) built-in to understand grammer. Universal grammer - subject, verb, object.
Critical period when children find it easy to acquire a language.
Educational Implications of Language Development
Language is multifaceted including physical sound, cognitive thought and social interaction.
Since language is essential to thought, teachers should support private speech (self-talk).
Language begins at home. Parents play an active role in teaching language. ELL students will acquire the use of English even when a different language is spoken at home.
