Physical Education Flashcards
Non locomotor skills
Are developed in the following order: stretch, bend, turn, twist
Body Mass Index
Calculated from the height and weight of a person and indicates the amount of body fat.
Generally, fitness education would cause a decrease, rather than an increase, in BMI.
Seriation
Ability to arrange objects in a logical progression, like shortest to longest.
Assimilation
Blending new information with prior knowledge.
Accommodation
Adjustment of new information to fit a new experience.
Baroque Art
Complex style, appealing to the senses, involving strong emotion, also emphasized depth and space. Landscapes were popular, usually did not include people.
Locomotor skills
Skills used to move the body from one location to another (i.e. Jumping, running, skipping, hopping, leaping, sliding, galloping, walking, etc).
Nonlocomotor skills
These are activities where an individual does not have to change location to practice an activity. Ex. Stretching, pushing, twisting, circling, and calisthenic activities.
Manipulative skills
Participant handles play objects like bats, balls, wands and hoops. Activities increase eye/hand, eye/foot and hand/foot coordination. They also increase tracking skills and dexterity and propulsion skills.
Specialized skills
Skills related to a specific sport, game or apparatus. They are structured skills that apply specific rules, guidelines and techniques.
Gross motor skills
Skills that use large muscle skills.
Fine motor skills use smaller muscle movements (manipulative) to perform the activity.
Directional vocabulary
Horizontal, vertical, diagonal, circular, etc.
Speed, acceleration, deceleration, rhythm, etc.
Force and effort (how fast can you stop? Or what body mechanics improve force?)
Flow - the direction of the movement.
Body factors
Unilateral - one side Bilateral - two sides Cross-lateral - each side working independently Anterior - the front of the body Posterior - the back of the body
Classifying movement patterns
Unstructured movement - exploring involving response, experimentation, exploration, and balance. (Example - scavenger hunt). May be PE & science at the same time.
Structured movement - involves a specific skill that can be quantified. (Relay race). Keep score, etc.
Perceptual-motor Competencies.
General coordination - ability to move in rhythm with muscular control.
Balance - control of the center of gravity.
Static balance - stationary balance (ex. riding a bike).
Rotational balance - movement in circular motion (ex. Pivoting in basketball).
Rhythmic activities
Basic movement using the medium of rhythm and often includes locomotor, no locomotor, and manipulative skill. (Ex. Jump rope for Hearts to music).
Integral component of a comprehensive physical education program - 40% of K activities can be rhythmic.
Principle of Learning
Readiness - ability to learn and understand movement patterns which is influenced by coordination, maturation, physique, and experiences.
Motivation - influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic rewards.
Form and Technique - Sound mechanical principles in learning a skill.
Throwing
Arm swings back
Elbow moves forward
Trunk rotates toward the throwing side of the body
Weight shift during follow through
**evaluate student readiness: eye/hand coordination, stance, arm movement.
Catching
- -Eye follows the ball or object
- Elimination of avoidance (fear)
- -Arm bends at the elbow
- Relaxed
- -Object is brought toward the body (absorb force)
- Non-rigid catching style - hands brought together the catch is made.
Fitness: Exercise and Health
Conditioning - an exercise program to counteract heart disease and other circulatory problems.
Factors include diet and regular exercise.
Poor physical conditioning contributes to coronary heart disease (40% of all deaths and blood circulatory problems).
Fitness tests measure:
Body conformation Body balance Agility Muscular power Endurance Flexibility Strength
FITT - Prescription for Aerobic Exercise
F - Frequency: How often? 3 x’s per week w/no more than 2 days off.
I - Intensity: How hard?
T - Time: How long? 20 minutes
T - Type: What activity?
Fitnessgram Assessment
Aerobic capacity - 1 mile run/walk
Body Composition - Percent of fat (20% mildly obese; 40% moderately obese; 100% severely obese)
Muscle fitness - curl ups, push ups.
Students must meet certain standard=criterion.
Nutrition
Daily caloric requirements depend on age, size and activity (older folks need fewer calories)
Maintenance Diet vs. Reducing Diet
Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats
Proteins include essential amino acids.
Sources of protein include meat, dairy products, fish, nuts, whole grains, and beans - 20% of diet.
Carbohydrates - sources include bread, cereal, rice, potatoes, and beets - 55%-60% of your daily diet.
Fats
Saturated fats - solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats - sources are oils and some foods (nuts, avocados).
Cholesterol - natural fatty substance only found in animals, made in the liver. Excess=200 and up. Blood fat levels indicate the amount of cholesterol in the body.
LDL - low density lipoproteins BAD(Lousy)
HDL - high density lipoproteins GOOD(Happy)
Vitamins and Minerals
Fat soluble - A, D, E and K; can be dangerous if too much is ingested.
Water soluble - other vitamins
Blood pressure
Force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries.
Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart. All arteries, except pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.
Veins carry blood to the heart.
Blood pressure continued.
Resting Blood Pressure - Normal diastolic is under 85 and systolic under 140
Resting Heart Rate - 40 to 90 beats per minute (regular exercise lowers the heart rate)
Breathing and Lungs
Aerobics - oxygen based exercise (running, walking, swimming). Good for the heart.
Anaerobic - exercise for short amounts of time at high power levels (football, baseball, sprinting). Not particularly good for the heart.
Body Composition
Skinfold Measurements are chest, abdomen, thigh and triceps
Percentage of body fat: Lean < 8% in makes and <13% in females; Fat > 21-24% in males and >26-32% in females.
Sports and Games
Traditional and Non-traditional
Which are these? Volleyball Lacrosse Badminton Baseball
Sports and Games cont.
Individual or Dual sports in the U.S.
Track, swimming, tennis, golf, skiing, fencing, gymnastics, dance, etc.
Adaptive PE.
Public law 94-142 (1975)
Now codified in IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) 2004
Special Education and Section 504 Plans.
IEPs follow students state to state.
Section 504
Diagnosed medical condition which requires an accommodation. Blindness, Deaf or hearing-impaired are Spec. Ed.
Kinesiology
The science of human movement. It focuses on how the body functions and moves.
Biomechanics - is mechanical kinesiology and is concerned with the human body as a mechanical system (joints and muscles cause movement of the skeletal structure of the body).
First Aid treatment
Sprains
Benefits of Elementary Physical Education
Health Expend energy Enhance self-esteem Social interaction Leadership Sportsmanship Motivation for life-long physical activities Self-confidence Better-concentration
