Human Development/Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Flashcards
Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Stages of Cognitive Development are central to what we know about how children feel, think, and respond to the world.
Believed child’s cognitive development is linked with the physical world, social experiences and physical maturation.
Children actively move through predictable and orderly stages. They form new ways to operate and adapt to the stage they are moving through.
The child’s mind tries to find a state of equilibrium while moving through the stages.
3 Domains of Childhood Cognitive Developement
Child development is studied through different theoretical perspectives within the study of human development.
Cognitive, Social and Physical.
Cognitive Development: transformation in a child’s thought, language and intelligence.
Social Development: that which can be learned through experience in the child’s environment.
Physical Development: the physical nature of development that includes gross and fine movie skills.
4 Major Assumptions of Cognitive Development
Children:
- *are intrinsically inspired to think,learn and comprehend.
- *see the world differently than adults.
- *order knowledge into mental structures called schemas.
- *learn by assimilation and accommodation.
Stage 1 - Sensorimotor Period: infancy (0-2yrs)
- *Behavior based on infants physical response to surroundings.
- *Infants mentally organize and perceive the world through their 5 senses (touch, sight, smell, sound, taste)
- *Infants discover physical reflexes have an impact on their world.
Stage 2 - Preoperational Period: Early Childhood (2-7yrs, K1-2)
Development of symbolic thought and imagination is boundless.
Striving to understand the world, child asks a multitude of “why” questions.
Children can reason intuitively and representational thought has emerged.
Children makes errors in spoken languages.
Dramatic differences in childhood year to year.
Love to hear stories, sing songs, and recite nursery rhymes.
Independent and cooperative play become important at this stage.
By 6 yrs, language development has drastically changed from age 2.
New words added to vocabulary daily.
Stage 3 - Concrete Operations Period: Middle childhood (7-11)
Children develop ability to solve simple problems while thinking about multiple dimensions of information.
Children can now “think about thinking” (meta-cognition).
Children learn about the world through trial and error.
Can understand difference between appearance and reality when presented in tangible objects.
Ability to set values as child becomes more subjective to moral values. Concrete operations:
Seriation (organizing by size - concrete operations)
Transivity - draw conclusions about he relationship between two objects intellectually (a=b/b=c then a=c. Logic -concrete operations)
Reversibility - ability to comprehend reversing a process.
Conservation - ability to keep in mind what stays the same and what changes in an object after it has changed aesthetically. Used in numbers, volumes, weights, and matter)
Define Conservation
Conservation - ability to keep in mind what stays the same and what changes in an object after it has changed aesthetically. Used in numbers, volumes, weights, and matter)
Define Seriation
Seriation (organizing by size - concrete operations)
Define Transivity
Transivity - draw conclusions about he relationship between two objects intellectually (a=b/b=c then a=c. Logic -concrete operations)
Define Reversibility
Reversibility - ability to comprehend reversing a process.
Stage 4 - Formal operations Period:
Adolescence (12-Adult)
Logic continues to grow.
Ability to reason abstractly and solve complex problems - expands possibilities for understanding the world.
Hypothetical - deductive reasoning developed - Applying the past to predict the future.
Adapting to the Environment
Children adjust to the new information about their environment in order to function effectively m
The two fundamental cognitive concepts in adaptation: accommodation and assimilation.
Accommodation and Assimiliation
Accommodation - children take existing schemes and adjust them to fit the NEW experience. (It’s a wolf[Not a Dog].)
Assimilation - refers to the way children incorporate new information with existing schemes in order to formulate a new cognitive structure. The child fits the new knowledge into an existing scheme. ([Its a Dog]A PitBull, not a Doberman.).
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
(Pyramid)
Self-actualization-morality
creativity, problem-solving,
Esteem - self esteem, respect
Love & Belonging - friendship, intimacy Safety - security of body, health, family, job Physiological - food, breathing, water, sleep, etc.
