The menstrual cycle

Question 1

Menstrual cycle

Answer 1

refers to the cyclical processes occurring in the female reproductive tract in preparation for pregnancy

Question 2

Ovary

Answer 2

site of ovulation -egg is produced and is intrinsic to the menstrual cycle ad is the reason that the ovary itself produces hormones

Question 3

Uterine cavity

Answer 3

site of endometrium and then woman get menstruation which takes it down through cervix to then the vagina

Question 4

what is the hormonal control of the menstrual cycle dependent on

Answer 4

release of different hormones

Question 5

4 phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 5

1.menstruation
2.the follicular phase, 3.ovulation
4. the luteal phase.

Question 6

follicular phase

Answer 6

post menstruation , hypothalamus release gonadotrophin- releasing hormone activates anterior pituitary releasing the stimulating (FSH) and luteinising hormone(LH)

Question 7

What do the FSH and LH hormones do in the follicular phase?

Answer 7

wake up ovary and produces follicle(dormant egg) one egg will become dominant and supress the others and woman will only stimulate and release egg

Question 8

folliculogenesis

Answer 8

one of the ovams start to grow and gets the ovary to produce estrogen

Question 9

Theca cells

Answer 9

express LH receptors throughout the cycle and synthesise androgens which are transported to granulosa cells which take the androgenand stimulate them and turn them into oestrogen.

Question 10

Granulosa cells

Answer 10

to stop producing other eggs it secrete inhibits to regulate FSH release supress the hormones to ensure only one egg is produced

Question 11

Oestrogen

Answer 11

secretion by developing follicle promotes rapid proliferation in endometrium and stimulates endometrium

Question 12

what happens after there is rapid proliferation in endometrium

Answer 12

Creates positive feedback loop-LH production resulting in LH surge which triggers ovulation

Question 13

Luteal phase- corupus luteum

Answer 13

follicle releases an egg and when follicle releases an egg is supported by. The oestrogen and itself is producing

Question 14

what happens after follicle releases the egg and produces oestrogen in luteal phase?

Answer 14

starts to produce progesterone which helps endometrium itself to prepare for pregnancy.

Question 15

Progesterone

Answer 15

maintains that endometrium at thickness and helps it prepare for pregnancy
forms from the remains of the ovulated follicle and promotes endometrium differentiation by secreting- has negative feedback

Question 16

Menstruation

Answer 16

progesterone stops being produce endometrium sheds away,
fertilization occurs the embryo will begin to implant.

Question 17

Human chorionic gonadotrophin(hCG)

Answer 17

produced by the embryo which maintains the corpus luteum.

Question 18

where does the endometrium sit?

Answer 18

Endometrium sits inside the uterus

Question 19

what 2 layers does the endometrium compose of?

Answer 19

1.base layer: stays same with the cycle
2.functional layer: changes with the menstrual cycle

Question 20

Endometrium surface epithelium

Answer 20

bit of the apathy of the endometrium that would face into the cavity of the uterus.

Question 21

Endometrial stroma

Answer 21

spaces in between

Question 22

endometrial glands

Answer 22

big spaces in between, the glands are big

Question 23

Secretary phase

Answer 23

baby implants because glands provide the early nutrients to the baby

Question 24

endometrium cycle 1

Answer 24

1. regeneration:Every month the endometrium sheds away and manages to grow without scarring .Stem cells that go to the endometrium sit there and help generate the scar free healing

Question 25

2 chances of conception

Answer 25

changes oestrogen levels
-consistency of the cervical fluid-to allow sperm to go through

Question 26

Decidualisation

Answer 26

occurs in response to progesterone-occurs in response to progesterone

Question 27

what are the 3 things decidualisation change how the endometrium looks`/

Answer 27

-generates these long glands within the endometrium and builds up glycogen(complex sugar) within the endometrium to feed the baby
-formation of these long spiral arteries-babies need blood supply
Stroma: bits between the gland -round cells are ready for everything
-recruitment of immune cells

Question 28

what are the three things when the fertile window knows the body knows it wants to get pregnant?

Answer 28

1.changes the position of the cervix
2.consistency of the cervical fluid changes -go allow the sperm through
3.body temperature increase-because of progesterone

Question 29

Implantation

Answer 29

The embryo comes in and fertilisation occurs in the tube and travel down to the uterus and embryo embeds itself within the endometrium

Question 30

Embryo selection

Answer 30

interplay between the embryo and the endometrium, place the embryo next to endometrial cells and endometrial cells are growing and the individual cells try reach up and grab the embryo

Question 31

live birth

Answer 31

Genetically normal embryo and endometrial function perfectly

Question 32

miscarriage

Answer 32

Genetically abnormal embryo endometrium

Question 33

Recurrent miscarriage

Answer 33

genetically normal embryo but endometrium doesn’t work

Question 34

Menstruation

Answer 34

during this the functional layer breaks down- which is the top layer of the endometrium breaks away .This causes a influx of matric metallic proteases(enzymes that eat tissue and influx of immune cells which eat away whole functional layer of endometrium which then sheds as blood.