The Human Immune System

Question 1

1st Line of Defense

Answer 1

Nonspecific Defense

Barrier that helps prevent pathogens from entering the body

Question 2

2nd Line of Defense

Answer 2

Nonspecific Defense
Limit spread of invaders before specific immune responses
3 types

Question 3

Inflammatory Response

Answer 3

2nd Line of Defense

Swelling, redness, soreness, increased warmth in area

Question 4

Phagocytes

Answer 4

2nd Line of Defense
Gobble up invading microbes
Macrophages (wbc) engulf microbes with pseudopods

Question 5

Interferons

Answer 5

2nd Line of Defense

Chemicals released by immune system to block against viral infections

Question 6

3rd Line of Defense

Answer 6

Specific Defense

Consists of lymphocytes that originate in the bone marrow

Question 7

B Lymphocytes

Answer 7

Produce antibodies against specific antigen

Humoral Response

Question 8

T Lymphocytes

Answer 8

Fight pathogens by hand-to-hand combat

Cell-mediated response

Question 9

Antigens

Answer 9

Anything that triggers an antibody response

Question 10

Antibody

Answer 10

Immunoglobins

Each antibody can bind to only 1 antigen forming antigen-antibody complex that can be gobbled up by a phagocyte

Question 11

Clonal Selection

Answer 11

Fundamental mechanism in development of immunity

Selected lymphocyte proliferates (clones 1000s of copies) & differentiates into plasma & memory cells

Question 12

Plasma Cells

Answer 12

Fight antigens immediately

Do no live long

Question 13

Memory Cells

Answer 13

Fight same antigens as plasma cells but remain circulating in blood in small amounts for a lifetime

Question 14

Immunological Memory

Answer 14

Capacity of immune system to generate a secondary response

Vattenkoppor

Question 15

Passive Immunity

Answer 15

Temporary

Antibodies = borrowed, do not survive for long

Question 16

Active Immunity

Answer 16

Permanent

You make antibodies yourself after being ill & recovering, or after given immunization/vaccine

Question 17

Cross-Match

Answer 17

Before blood transfusion, recipient’s & donor’s blood is mixed to ensure compatibility

Question 18

Allergies

Answer 18

Hypersensitive immune responses to certain substances

Involve release of histamines, taking antihistamines to counteract symptoms

Question 19

Histamines

Answer 19

Triggers vasodilation which increase blood supply to area, bringing more phagocytes to gobble up germs

Question 20

Antibiotics

Answer 20

CURE
Medicines that kill bacteria/fungi
Administered after person is sick & cure the disease

Question 21

Vaccines

Answer 21

PREVENT
Prevent viral infections as there is no cure
New treatments & vaccines are always developed

Question 22

Autoimmune Diseases

Answer 22

Caused by mistake of immune system
System can’t distinguish between self & nonself, instead it perceives certain structures in body as foreign & produce antibodies to attack

Question 23

Pathogens

Answer 23

Organisms that cause disease

Question 24

Nonspecific Defense

Answer 24

Attack anything foreign

Question 25

Specific Defense

Answer 25

Identify certain invading cells & attack them specifically

Question 26

Vasodilation

Answer 26

Enlargement of blood vessels

Question 27

Universal Donor

Answer 27

Blood type O

Has no blood cell antigens to be clumped by the recipient’s blood

Question 28

Universal Recipient

Answer 28

Blood type AB

No antibodies to clump the donor’s blood

Question 29

Primary Immune Response

Answer 29

When an antigen comes in contact to the immune system for the first time
Plasma Cells

Question 30

Secondary Immune Response

Answer 30

Second time a person is exposed to the same antigen as in PIR (primary immune response)
At this point immunological memory has been established
Memory Cells