Cell Division

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

Functions in growth & repair of body cells

Produces 2 daughters cells, each is a diploid (2n)

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

Occurs only in sexually reproducing organisms

Produces gametes, each is a haploid (n)

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

Consist of highly coiled & condensed strand of DNA

Question 4

Sister chromatids

Answer 4

Replicated chromosome consist of 2 of these, exact copies of each other

Question 5

Centromere

Answer 5

Specialised region that holds the 2 sister chromatids together

Question 6

Cell cycle

Answer 6

Regular sequence of growth & division that all living & dividing cells pass through, regulated by proteins

Question 7

Stem cells

Answer 7

From human embryos, retain the ability to divide indefinitely & to differentiate into any cell type

Question 8

Internal regulators

Answer 8

Proteins in cell cycle that make sure that cell doesn’t undergo mitosis until certain conditions are met

Question 9

External regulators

Answer 9

Proteins, growth factors, of cell cycle; speed up, slow down, or even stop cell cycle

Question 10

Interphase

Answer 10

Chromosomes replicate in preparation for cell division, 3 sub phases; G1, S, G2

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

Division of cytoplasm
Animals cells: cleavage furrow forms down middle of cell
Plant cells: cell plate forms down middle of cells, daughter cells do not separate but instead a sticky middle lame,,a cements adjacent cells together

Question 12

Prophase

Answer 12

Replicated DNA undergoes supercoiling
Spindle fibers start to form
Nuclear Envelope breaks down

Question 13

Metaphase

Answer 13

Spindle fiber network completed
Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
Chromosomes move to equator of cell

Question 14

Anaphase

Answer 14

Centromeres split
Spindle fibers contract
Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles

Question 15

Telophase

Answer 15

Chromosomes uncoil
Spindle fibers break down
Nuclear envelope reforms