Animal Physiology Flashcards
Locomotion
Movement from place to place
Ectotherm
Heated from outside
Ex: reptiles
Endotherm (Homeotherm)
Maintaining constant body temperature despite fluctuation in environmental temperature
Ex: birds & mammals
Excretion
The removal of metabolic wastes - water, carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes d
Animals
Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs
Sessile
Nonmoving
Exoskeleton
Arthropods
Consists mostly of chitin
Does not grow with the animal & must be shed periodically
Hydrostatic Skeleton (nematodes, planaria, annelids)
A closed body compartment filled with fluid
Muscle change the shape of this compartment, enabling the animal to move from place to place
Endoskeleton
Chordates
Made of bone & cartilage that grows as the animal grows
Ligaments
Connect bones to each other at joints
Tendons
Connect bones to muscles
Ammonia
Very soluble in water & highly toxic
Urea
Not as toxic as ammonia
Formed in liver from ammonia in mammals
Uric Acid
Pastelike substance that is not soluble in water & therefore not very toxic
External Respiratory Surface
Diffusion of gases occur at animal’s surface
Internal Respiratory Surface
Diffusion of gases occurs inside the animal
Closed Circulatory System
Blood is closed at all times within vessels
Blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, does not normally fill body cavities
Open Circulatory System
Pump blood into a hemocoels, spaces surrounding the organs
Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities where tissues are surrounded by blood
