The Cell

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

• All living things are composed of cells
• Cells are the basic unit of all organisms
• All cells arise from preexisting cells

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Contains chromosomes (DNA) wrapped with special proteins (his tones) into a chromatin network

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Inside nucleus in region that does not divide, synthesise components of ribosomes

Question 4

Ribosomes

Answer 4

Site of protein synthesis

Question 5

End plastic reticulum

Answer 5

System of membrane channels that transverse the cytoplasm

Question 6

Rough ER

Answer 6

Site of protein synthesis & transport throughout cytoplasm

Question 7

Smooth ER

Answer 7

Synthesise steroid hormones & other lipids, connects rough ER to Golgi apparatus, detoxifies the cell, carbohydrate metabolism

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

Modify, store, & package substance produced in rough ER

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

Site of intracellular digestion

Question 10

Mitochondrion

Answer 10

Site of cellular respiration, contain their own DNA & can self replicate

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

Store substances for cell

Question 12

Vesicles

Answer 12

Small vacuoles

Question 13

Plastids

Answer 13

3 types:

1) chloroplast - carry out photosynthesis, own DNA & can self-r.
2) leucoplasts - colourless, store starch, roots of turnips
3) chromoplasts - store carotenoid pigments

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Complex network of protein filaments, throughout cytoplasm - gives cell its shape & enables movement
2 types:
1) microtubules - hollow tubes that make up cilia, flagella, spindle fib.
2) microfilaments - help support cell, enable movement: skeletal muscles to contract, etc.

Question 15

Centrioles & centrosomes

Answer 15

Outside nuclear membrane, organise spindle fibers required for cell division

Question 16

Cilia & Flagella

Answer 16

Both made of microtubules
Cilia = short & Flagella = long
Move liquid past surface of cell

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

Region between nucleus & plasma membrane

Question 18

Cytosol

Answer 18

Semiliquid portion of cytoplasm

Question 19

Cell or Plasma Membrane

Answer 19

A selectively permeable membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell

Question 20

Selectively permeable

Answer 20

Finish

Question 21

Solvent

Answer 21

Substance that does dissolving

Question 22

Solute

Answer 22

Substance that dissolves

Question 23

Hypertonic

Answer 23

Having greater concentration of solute than another solution

Question 24

Hypotonic

Answer 24

Having lower concentration of solute than another solution

Question 25

Isotonic

Answer 25

2 solutions containing equal concentration of solute

Question 26

Passive transport

Answer 26

Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

Never requires energy

Question 27

Simple diffusion

Answer 27

Movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 28

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 28

Relies on special protein membrane channels to assist in transporting specific substances across a membrane

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Diffusion of water across a membrane

Water flows down a gradient toward a region with high solute concentration

Question 30

Active transport

Answer 30

Movement of molecules against a gradient

Requires energy

Question 31

Exocytosis

Answer 31

Active release of molecules from a cell

Question 32

Endocytosis

Answer 32

Process by which cells take in various molecules & particles by forming new vesicles made form plasma membrane, 3 types:

Question 33

Pinocytosis

Answer 33

Type of endocytosis
uptake of large, dissolved molecules
Cell drinking

Question 34

Phagocytosis

Answer 34

Type of endocytosis

engulfing of large particles/small organisms by pseudopods

Question 35

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 35

Types of endocytosis

enables cell to take up large quantities of specific substances