Cell Respiration

Question 1

Cell Respiration

Answer 1

The chemical breakdown of sugar in cells, with the use of enzymes, to release energy

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

Adenosine triphosphate

High-energy molecule that stores energy for immediate use in the cell

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

A process that can occur in the absence of oxygen, consists of glycolysis + either alcohol fermentation or lactic acid fermentation

Question 4

Glycolysis

Answer 4

One molecule of glucose breaks apart into 2 molecules of pyruvate, occurs in cytoplasm

Question 5

Alcohol fermentation

Answer 5

Process by which cells convert pyruvic acid/pyruvate from glycolysis into ethyl alcohol & carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen

Question 6

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 6

Occurs during tough exercise when body can’t keep up with increased demand for oxygen by skeletal muscles
Pyruvic acid converts to lactic acid, builds up in muscles causing burning & fatigue

Question 7

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 7

3 processes; glycolysis, Krebs cycle, & electron transport chain
Occurs in mitochondria
Require energy

Question 8

Krebs cycle

Answer 8

Also citric acid cycle
First stage of aerobic phase, occurs in inner matrix
Produce: small amount of ATP, CO2, NADH & FADH2

Question 9

Electron transport chain

Answer 9

Within cristae membrane of mitochondria
Consists of a series of molecules that provides energy to phosphorylate ADP into ATP during chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 10

Chemiosmosis

Answer 10

How ATP is produced

Protons flow through ATP synthetase channels & transfer energy to molecules of ATP

Question 11

Oxidation

Answer 11

Loss of electrons