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Sports Med 2 > The Hip > Flashcards

The Hip Flashcards

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1
Q

Largest nerve in body

A

Sciatic nerve

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2
Q

Common at the greater trochanter, high in women with increased angle, leg length discrepancy or insertion of gluteus medius or IT band

A

Trochanteric bursitis

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3
Q

What is the Obers test?

A
  • Athlete lays in unaffected side
  • knee flexed out to 90 degrees
  • lift top leg into abduction, slight hip extension
  • allow the affected leg to drop into adduction
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4
Q

When is the obers test positive?

A

If the leg doesn’t drop then you have a tight IT band

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5
Q

What are innominate bones

A

Sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the pelvis

A

Support the spine and trunk
Transfer weight to the lower limbs
Placement for bony attachment

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7
Q

What makes up the pelvis

A

Illium, ischium, pubis

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8
Q

Blow to illiac crest with immediate pain, spasms and transitory paralysis

A

Hip pointer (contusion)

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9
Q

Rare during sports, major trauma. Femur is adducted and flexed with deformity and nerve damage

A

Hip dislocation

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10
Q

Sudden acceleration/deceleration of the ischial tuberosity (hamstrings) and the AIIS (rectus femoris) with local pain and limited movement

A

Avulsion fracture

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11
Q

Repetitive stress on pubis by surrounding muscles with groin pain while running, doing squats or sit-ups

A

Osteitis pubis

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12
Q

Connects sacrum to illium

A

Sacroiliac joint

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13
Q

The acetabulum is cushioned by the labrum

A

Joint capsule

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14
Q

What is the hip joint made of

A

Femur head and acetabulum

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15
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body

A

Y ligament of Bigelow (prevents hyperextension)

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16
Q

Prevents excessive adduction

A

Pubofemoral

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17
Q

Prevents internal rotation and adduction on posterior aspect

A

Ischiofemoral

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18
Q

Bridge that allows blood vessels and nerves enter the head of the femur

A

Ligamentum teres

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19
Q

Strong and protected, seldom injured, violent twisting produced by opponent, foot planted with trunk forced in opposite direction and athlete is unable to circumduct the thigh

A

Hip sprain

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20
Q

Twists with both feet on ground, stumbles forward, falls backward, steps in a hole with pain over joint, muscle guarding, radiating pain down back

A

Sacroiliac joint sprain

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21
Q

What is the FABERS/Patrick’s test

A

Place foot on the opposite extended knee of the painful SI joint and apply pressure downward on the bent knee

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22
Q

Positive FABERS/Patrick’s test

A

Pain felt in hip or SI joint means SI joint dysfunction

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23
Q

Anterior muscles

A

Illiacus
Psoas
Sartorius
Rectus femoris

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24
Q

Posterior muscles

A 
Piriformis
3 gluteal muscles 
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis
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25
Q

Medial muscles

A

Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor longus, brevis, Magnus

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26
Q

Illiacus

A

Triangular shaped, flexes

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27
Q

Sartorius

A

Crosses medially across anterior thigh to do hip flexion and external rotation

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28
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Hip flexion and knee extension

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29
Q

Tensor fascia latae

A

Hip abduction

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30
Q

Lateral muscles

A

Tensor fascia latae

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31
Q

Piriformis

A

External rotation

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32
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Extension, adduction, helps get up from a sitting position

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33
Q

Gluteus medius/minimus

A

Abduction

34
Q

Hamstrings (semimembranosis, semitendinosos, biceps femoris)

A

Hip extension, knee flexion

35
Q

Gracilis

A

Adduction, external rotation

36
Q

Pectineus

A

Adduction, external rotation

37
Q

Adductor longus/brevis/Magnus

A

Adduction, external rotation

38
Q

Feel twinge or tearing during an AROM, may feel worse the next day with pain, weakness and bruising

A

Groin strain

39
Q

Thomas test

A

Athlete lies supine with legs together. ATC places hand under athletes lumbar curve. One thigh is brought to the chest, flattening the spine. Return bent leg to extended position, lumbar curve should return

40
Q

Positive test for Thomas

A

Extended thigh should be flat on the table, if not tight hip flexor

41
Q

What grade quad contusion has the following symptoms: Superficial bruise, mild hemorrhage, pain, no swelling, point tenderness and full ROM

A

Grade 1

42
Q

Quad contusion MOI

A

Direct blow to thigh

43
Q

Athlete lies supine with knees off table. Athlete brings one leg to their chest

A

Kendall test

44
Q

Positive Kendall test

A

If thigh comes off table = tight hip flexor

45
Q

Which quad contusion has the following symptoms: Deeper, pain, swelling, cannot flex knee more than 90 degrees

A

Grade 2

46
Q

What grade quad contusion has the following symptoms: moderate pain and swelling, limping, cannot flex

A

Grade 3

47
Q

What grade quad contusion has the following symptoms: disability, may split fasciae, severe pain, limited ROM

A

Grade 4

48
Q

Severe blow, or repeated blows (usually on the thigh) that produces ectopic bone production

Symptoms: pain, swelling, and decreased function

A

Myositis ossificans traumatica

49
Q

Most common injury to thigh, fatigue, faulty posture, leg length discrepancy, tight hamstrings

Symptoms: hemorrhage, pain, loss of function

A

Hamstring strain

50
Q

This is caused by repetitive movements in gymnasts, dancers, hurdlers, sprinters and cheerleaders

S/S: imbalance in muscle, IT band moves over greater trochanter pain

A

Snapping hip

51
Q

Athlete stands, foot on the unaffected side is limited. Look at the iliac crest to see if it stays level.

A

Trendelenburg

52
Q

Positive test for Trendelenburg

A

If the unaffected side lowers or if standing on leg and the affected hip moves into abduction = weak abductors

53
Q

Abutment of the acetabular rim and the proximal femur

S/S: anterolateral hip pain with prolonged sitting, leaning forward, getting in or out of a car, and pivoting in sports

A

Femoroacetabular impingement (hip impingement)

54
Q

How do you test for a hip impingement

A

FADIR (flexion, addiction, internal rotation of leg)

Positive if anterolateral pain is present

55
Q

Anterior palpation of the bony sites

A

ASIS
Iliac crest
Greater trochanter
Pubic tubercle (we don’t do this)

56
Q

Posterior palpation of the bony sites

A 
PSIS
Ischial tuberosity (don’t do this either) 
Sacroiliac joint
57
Q

Which special test is this:

Athlete lies supine with legs straight. Measurement is taken between the medial malleolus and ASIS

Bilaterally compare

A

Anatomical discrepancy: actual bone is shortened

58
Q

Athlete lies supine with legs straight. Measurement is taken from umbilicus to the medial maleoli.

Bilaterally compare

A

Functional discrepancy: due to pelvic tilt or deformity

59
Q

How should you observe the hips during an assessment?

A

Should observe while standing in all directions, standing on one leg and walking

60
Q

What could you find looking at the front view of the hips?

A

If the hip is tilted laterally it could indicate a leg length discrepancy or muscle contraction on one side

61
Q

What could you find looking at the side view of the hips?

A

An abnormal tilt of the pelvis could indicate lordosis or flat back

62
Q

Genu valgrum

A

Knocked knees

63
Q

Genu varum

A

Bow legged

64
Q

Genu recurvatum

A

Hyperextended

65
Q

Even PSIS indicates ….?

A

A lateral shift of the pelvis

66
Q

What are you looking for when the athlete stands on one leg

A

Pain

67
Q

What are you looking for when the athlete walks

A

Distortion

68
Q

Soft tissue palpation sites (don’t do these)

A

Groin region
Femoral triangle
Sciatic nerve
Major muscles

69
Q

Groin palpations could be caused by

A

Swollen lymph nodes, indicating infection

Adductor muscle strain

70
Q

When palpating muscle what are you looking for

A

Pain, swelling, or fiber disruption

71
Q

What muscles do you palpate?

A 
Illiopsoas
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris at hip joint 
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductors
Gluteals
Hamstrings
72
Q

Functional testing

A 
Squatting
Going up and down stairs 
Crossing legs
Running straight 
Running and decelerating 
Jumping
One legged hop
73
Q

Return to play criteria

A

Full ROM in all movements
Pain free
Bilateral strength
Stability

74
Q

What signal will the ref give for blood in wrestling?

A

Point to nose

75
Q

List the items to set up for a wrestling match

A 
Gloves
Nose plugs
Lubricant
Paper towels
Gauze
76
Q

How many innings are played in a high school baseball game

A

7

77
Q

What does top of the inning mean in softball

A

First half of the inning

78
Q

Phase 1 of hip rehab

A 
Isometric contractions 
ROM
Pool rehab (non weight bearing)
 - running
 - kicking
79
Q

Phase 2 of hip rehab

A 
Passive stretching
Balancing
Isotonic contractions
 -Squatting
 -Hamstring curls
 -Pilates
 -High knees
80
Q

Phase 3 of Hip rehab

A 
Static and dynamic stretching 
Lunges
MMTs with band resistance 
Squatting
 -on bosu ball
Hamstring curls
 -with weight 
Pilates
High knees

Sports Med 2 (16 decks)

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