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Sports Med 2 > Hand/Wrist/Elbow > Flashcards

Hand/Wrist/Elbow Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

FOOSHA, hyperextension with painful ROM and point tenderness

A

Strain

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2
Q

FOOSHA, severe twist with flexion with severe pain, deformity and a probable radial head fracture

A

Elbow dislocation

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3
Q

FOOSHA or direct blow, with hemorrhage, muscle spasm, and possible visible deformity

A

Elbow fracture

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4
Q

Valgus force from repetitive trauma, pain on medial aspect of elbow with paraesthesia and laxity

A

Ulnar collateral ligament sprain

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5
Q

Complication of serious elbow injury with pain in the forearm that is worse when fingers are extended, decreased or absent brachial/radial pulse

A

Volkmanns contracture

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6
Q

Produced Valgus at the elbow with friction problem, dislocation or pinched by a ligament during flexion activities. Paresthesia to 5th and 4th fingers

A

Ulnar nerve injury

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7
Q

Repeated forearm flexion and extension with aching pain during and after activity, decreased ROM and hand weakness

A

Epicondylitis

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8
Q

Direct blow with pain, severe swelling and point tenderness

A

Olecranon bursitis

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9
Q

Repetitive use and overuse of tendons and their sheaths, pain with use, pain with passive stretching

A

Tenosynovitis

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10
Q

Inflammation in the carpal tunnel, compress median nerve with tingling, numbness and weakness

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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11
Q

Falling on hyperextended wrist with violent flexion or torsion

A

Wrist sprain

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12
Q

Sprain of UCL ligament of MCP joint of the thumb, forceful abduction with hyperextension and a weak pinch

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb

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13
Q

Forced hyperextension with pain along ulnar side of wrist

A

Triangular fibrocartilage complex injury

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14
Q

Appears slowly, contains clear mucinous fluid with a bump on dorsal wrist and occasional pain

A

Wrist ganglion

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15
Q

FOOSHA, compress scaphoid between radius and carpals with point tenderness in snuff box

A

Scaphoid fracture

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16
Q

Direct blow from racket, bat, sports stick, with wrist pain and weakness

A

Hamate fracture

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17
Q

Fracture to the distal end of radius or ulna with visible deformity, swelling and pain

A

Colles fracture

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18
Q

Direct axial force or getting stepped on with pain and swelling

A

Boxers fracture

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19
Q

Direct blow to extended finger, unable to extend finger and pain at DIP

A

Mallet finger

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20
Q

Trauma forced DIP into extension and PIP into flexion, swelling, obvious deformity

A

Boutonnière deformity

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21
Q

Most often in ring finger, finger stuck in extension and DIP joint can’t be flexed

A

Jersey finger

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22
Q

Stepped on, torsion, hit by ball with pain and swelling and TTP at fracture site

A

Phalanx fractures

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23
Q

Contusion/crushing with slow or immediate bleeding into the nail bed

A

Subungual hematoma

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24
Q

Elbow carrying angle for females

A

10-15 degrees

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25
Q

Elbow carrying angle for males

A

5 degrees

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26
Q

How many degrees can the elbow flex

A

145 degrees

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27
Q

How many degrees can the elbow pronate

A

80 degrees

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28
Q

How many degrees can the elbow supinate

A

85 degrees

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29
Q

What 3 joints does the elbow consist of?

A

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar

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30
Q

Prevents valgus forces

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

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31
Q

Prevents varus forces (uncommon)

A

Radial collateral ligament

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32
Q

Stabilizes head and neck of radius (strong)

A

Annular ligament

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33
Q

Between olecranon process and skin

A

Olecranon bursa

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34
Q

Elbow flexion

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

35
Q

Elbow extension

A

Triceps brachii, anconeus

36
Q

Probation/supination

A

Pronator teres, quadratus, supinador

37
Q

Which nerve is the funny bone

A

Ulnar nerve

38
Q

Nerve and blood supply to the elbow

A

Median nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve, radial artery, ulnar artery

39
Q

History questions for the elbow

A 
Land on tip of bent elbow? Overuse from throwing?
Location and duration of pain?
Positions that increase/decrease pain? 
Previous elbow injuries? 
Locking or crepitation with movement?
40
Q

Elbow observations

A

Deformities, swelling
Carrying angle (normal is 5-15)
Decreased flexion or hyperextension

41
Q

Most common MOI

A

Land on tip of elbow

42
Q

Bony palpations

A 
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle 
Olecranon process
Radial head
Radius
Ulna
43
Q

Anterior soft tissue palpation

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres

44
Q

Posterior soft tissue palpation

A

Triceps brachii, supinator

45
Q

Medial soft tissue palpation

A

UCL

46
Q

Lateral soft tissue palpation

A

RCL and annular ligament

47
Q

Evaluator grasps athlete’s wrist and lateral elbow applying a valgus force at 0 and 30 degrees

A

Valgus test

48
Q

Valgus positive test

A

Pain at medial aspect of elbow, laxity means UCL sprain

49
Q

Evaluator grasps athlete’s wrist and medial elbow applying a varus force at 0 and 30 degrees

A

Varus test

50
Q

Varus positive test

A

Lateral elbow pain and laxity mean a RCL sprain

51
Q

Pt. Is seated elbow in flexion. Evaluator grasps wrist and taps the ulnar notch with finger

A

Tinels sign

52
Q

Tinels sign positive test

A

Athlete complains of tingling sensation that indicates ulnar nerve compromise

53
Q

Radiocarpal movements

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, and circumstances

54
Q

Gliding joints

Stabilized by anterior, posterior and connecting ligaments

A

Carpal

55
Q

Metacarpal movements

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

56
Q

Hinge joints

Proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal

A

Phalangeal

57
Q

Ligaments in the wrist

A

UCL (ulna to pisiform)
RCL (radius to scaphoid)
transverse carpal ligament (roof of the carpal tunnel)

58
Q

Flexors on the palmar surface of hand/wrist

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus

59
Q

Extensors for the dorsal surface of the hand/wrist

A

Extensor digitorum longus

60
Q

Nerve supply for the hand/wrist

A

Ulnar, radial and median (enters palm through carpal tunnel

61
Q

What arteries are in the hand/wrist

A

Radial and ulnar

62
Q

Athlete squeezes hand into a fist and fully opens hand 3-4 times. With athlete holding the fist evaluator puts pressure over the radial and ulnar artery. Athlete opens hand and evaluator releases artery

A

Allens test

63
Q

Positive Allen’s test

A

Not turning red instantly means there is a radial/ulnar artery compromise

64
Q

History for hand/wrist

A

Location and type of pain?
Increases or decreases pain?
History of trauma or overuse?
Any therapy given in the past?

65
Q

hand/wrist observations

A

Open and close hand
Touch thumb to each fingertip
Flat knuckle
Color of fingernail

66
Q

hand/wrist bony palpations

A 
Scaphoid (anatomical snuffbox)
Lunate
Hamate (hook)
Metacarpals
Phalanges
67
Q

Soft palpations of hand/wrist

A

Triangular fibrocartilage (TFCC)
Collateral ligaments
Flexor and extensor muscles

68
Q

Athlete is sitting, forms a fist around thumb. Examiner grasps the athletes forearm and fist and ulnarly deviates

A

Finkelstein’s test

69
Q

Positive Finkelstein’s test

A

Pain means possible tenosynovitis, pain at carpal tunnel means carpal tunnel

70
Q

Have athlete flex both wrists as far as possible and press together for one minute

A

Phalens test

71
Q

Phalens positive test

A

Pain at the carpal tunnel means carpal tunnel syndrome

72
Q

Grasp the athletes wrist with one hand and their carpals with the other. Have anterior/posterior and radial/ulnar directions. Can also do on each phalange/metacarpal joint

A

Glide test

73
Q

Glide positive test

A

Pain/laxity means a sprain

74
Q

Examiner maintains stabilization of the proximal bone between the thumb and forefinger and grasps the distal bone. Examiner provides a valgus/varus force

A

Valgus/varus

75
Q

Valgus/varus positive test

A

Pain/laxity means collateral lig tear or sprain

76
Q

Athlete has finger extended. Examiner holds the distal phalanx and applies compression along the axis of the bone. Can also be done on metacarpal in fist position

A

Compression test

77
Q

Compression positive test

A

Pain at injury site means a possible fracture

78
Q

Athlete extends affected finger. Evaluator applies a firm tap to end of finger

A

Tap/percussion test

79
Q

Tap/percussion positive test

A

Pain at injury site means possible fracture

80
Q

Phase one strengthening exercises for the wrist/hand

A 
Towel/flex bar twists
Wrist roll
Flexion and extension 
Ulnar/radial deviation 
Pronation/supination 
Grip (web, stress ball)
81
Q

Neuromuscular control in phase one of wrist/hand

A

Coin pickup
Tying shoes/knots
Buttoning buttons

82
Q

Phase 3 elbow functional progressions

A 
Swimming
Throwing
Push ups
Sitting push-up
Weight shifting on a ball
83
Q

Phase 3 wrist/hand rehab

A

General body conditioning
Sports specific exercises
Full grip strength is the goal

84
Q

Phase 2 rehab neuromuscular control of hand/wrist

A

Coin pickup
Handwriting
Buttoning buttons

Sports Med 2 (16 decks)

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