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Sports Med 2 > Hand/Wrist/Elbow > Flashcards

Hand/Wrist/Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

FOOSHA, hyperextension with painful ROM and point tenderness

A

Strain

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2
Q

FOOSHA, severe twist with flexion with severe pain, deformity and a probable radial head fracture

A

Elbow dislocation

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3
Q

FOOSHA or direct blow, with hemorrhage, muscle spasm, and possible visible deformity

A

Elbow fracture

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4
Q

Valgus force from repetitive trauma, pain on medial aspect of elbow with paraesthesia and laxity

A

Ulnar collateral ligament sprain

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5
Q

Complication of serious elbow injury with pain in the forearm that is worse when fingers are extended, decreased or absent brachial/radial pulse

A

Volkmanns contracture

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6
Q

Produced Valgus at the elbow with friction problem, dislocation or pinched by a ligament during flexion activities. Paresthesia to 5th and 4th fingers

A

Ulnar nerve injury

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7
Q

Repeated forearm flexion and extension with aching pain during and after activity, decreased ROM and hand weakness

A

Epicondylitis

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8
Q

Direct blow with pain, severe swelling and point tenderness

A

Olecranon bursitis

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9
Q

Repetitive use and overuse of tendons and their sheaths, pain with use, pain with passive stretching

A

Tenosynovitis

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10
Q

Inflammation in the carpal tunnel, compress median nerve with tingling, numbness and weakness

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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11
Q

Falling on hyperextended wrist with violent flexion or torsion

A

Wrist sprain

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12
Q

Sprain of UCL ligament of MCP joint of the thumb, forceful abduction with hyperextension and a weak pinch

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb

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13
Q

Forced hyperextension with pain along ulnar side of wrist

A

Triangular fibrocartilage complex injury

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14
Q

Appears slowly, contains clear mucinous fluid with a bump on dorsal wrist and occasional pain

A

Wrist ganglion

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15
Q

FOOSHA, compress scaphoid between radius and carpals with point tenderness in snuff box

A

Scaphoid fracture

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16
Q

Direct blow from racket, bat, sports stick, with wrist pain and weakness

A

Hamate fracture

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17
Q

Fracture to the distal end of radius or ulna with visible deformity, swelling and pain

A

Colles fracture

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18
Q

Direct axial force or getting stepped on with pain and swelling

A

Boxers fracture

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19
Q

Direct blow to extended finger, unable to extend finger and pain at DIP

A

Mallet finger

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20
Q

Trauma forced DIP into extension and PIP into flexion, swelling, obvious deformity

A

Boutonnière deformity

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21
Q

Most often in ring finger, finger stuck in extension and DIP joint can’t be flexed

A

Jersey finger

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22
Q

Stepped on, torsion, hit by ball with pain and swelling and TTP at fracture site

A

Phalanx fractures

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23
Q

Contusion/crushing with slow or immediate bleeding into the nail bed

A

Subungual hematoma

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24
Q

Elbow carrying angle for females

A

10-15 degrees

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25
Elbow carrying angle for males
5 degrees
26
How many degrees can the elbow flex
145 degrees
27
How many degrees can the elbow pronate
80 degrees
28
How many degrees can the elbow supinate
85 degrees
29
What 3 joints does the elbow consist of?
Humeroulnar Humeroradial Proximal radioulnar
30
Prevents valgus forces
Ulnar collateral ligament
31
Prevents varus forces (uncommon)
Radial collateral ligament
32
Stabilizes head and neck of radius (strong)
Annular ligament
33
Between olecranon process and skin
Olecranon bursa
34
Elbow flexion
Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
35
Elbow extension
Triceps brachii, anconeus
36
Probation/supination
Pronator teres, quadratus, supinador
37
Which nerve is the funny bone
Ulnar nerve
38
Nerve and blood supply to the elbow
Median nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve, radial artery, ulnar artery
39
History questions for the elbow
``` Land on tip of bent elbow? Overuse from throwing? Location and duration of pain? Positions that increase/decrease pain? Previous elbow injuries? Locking or crepitation with movement? ```
40
Elbow observations
Deformities, swelling Carrying angle (normal is 5-15) Decreased flexion or hyperextension
41
Most common MOI
Land on tip of elbow
42
Bony palpations
``` Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Olecranon process Radial head Radius Ulna ```
43
Anterior soft tissue palpation
Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Pronator teres
44
Posterior soft tissue palpation
Triceps brachii, supinator
45
Medial soft tissue palpation
UCL
46
Lateral soft tissue palpation
RCL and annular ligament
47
Evaluator grasps athlete’s wrist and lateral elbow applying a valgus force at 0 and 30 degrees
Valgus test
48
Valgus positive test
Pain at medial aspect of elbow, laxity means UCL sprain
49
Evaluator grasps athlete’s wrist and medial elbow applying a varus force at 0 and 30 degrees
Varus test
50
Varus positive test
Lateral elbow pain and laxity mean a RCL sprain
51
Pt. Is seated elbow in flexion. Evaluator grasps wrist and taps the ulnar notch with finger
Tinels sign
52
Tinels sign positive test
Athlete complains of tingling sensation that indicates ulnar nerve compromise
53
Radiocarpal movements
Flexion, extension, abduction, and circumstances
54
Gliding joints | Stabilized by anterior, posterior and connecting ligaments
Carpal
55
Metacarpal movements
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
56
Hinge joints | Proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal
Phalangeal
57
Ligaments in the wrist
UCL (ulna to pisiform) RCL (radius to scaphoid) transverse carpal ligament (roof of the carpal tunnel)
58
Flexors on the palmar surface of hand/wrist
Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus
59
Extensors for the dorsal surface of the hand/wrist
Extensor digitorum longus
60
Nerve supply for the hand/wrist
Ulnar, radial and median (enters palm through carpal tunnel
61
What arteries are in the hand/wrist
Radial and ulnar
62
Athlete squeezes hand into a fist and fully opens hand 3-4 times. With athlete holding the fist evaluator puts pressure over the radial and ulnar artery. Athlete opens hand and evaluator releases artery
Allens test
63
Positive Allen’s test
Not turning red instantly means there is a radial/ulnar artery compromise
64
History for hand/wrist
Location and type of pain? Increases or decreases pain? History of trauma or overuse? Any therapy given in the past?
65
hand/wrist observations
Open and close hand Touch thumb to each fingertip Flat knuckle Color of fingernail
66
hand/wrist bony palpations
``` Scaphoid (anatomical snuffbox) Lunate Hamate (hook) Metacarpals Phalanges ```
67
Soft palpations of hand/wrist
Triangular fibrocartilage (TFCC) Collateral ligaments Flexor and extensor muscles
68
Athlete is sitting, forms a fist around thumb. Examiner grasps the athletes forearm and fist and ulnarly deviates
Finkelstein’s test
69
Positive Finkelstein’s test
Pain means possible tenosynovitis, pain at carpal tunnel means carpal tunnel
70
Have athlete flex both wrists as far as possible and press together for one minute
Phalens test
71
Phalens positive test
Pain at the carpal tunnel means carpal tunnel syndrome
72
Grasp the athletes wrist with one hand and their carpals with the other. Have anterior/posterior and radial/ulnar directions. Can also do on each phalange/metacarpal joint
Glide test
73
Glide positive test
Pain/laxity means a sprain
74
Examiner maintains stabilization of the proximal bone between the thumb and forefinger and grasps the distal bone. Examiner provides a valgus/varus force
Valgus/varus
75
Valgus/varus positive test
Pain/laxity means collateral lig tear or sprain
76
Athlete has finger extended. Examiner holds the distal phalanx and applies compression along the axis of the bone. Can also be done on metacarpal in fist position
Compression test
77
Compression positive test
Pain at injury site means a possible fracture
78
Athlete extends affected finger. Evaluator applies a firm tap to end of finger
Tap/percussion test
79
Tap/percussion positive test
Pain at injury site means possible fracture
80
Phase one strengthening exercises for the wrist/hand
``` Towel/flex bar twists Wrist roll Flexion and extension Ulnar/radial deviation Pronation/supination Grip (web, stress ball) ```
81
Neuromuscular control in phase one of wrist/hand
Coin pickup Tying shoes/knots Buttoning buttons
82
Phase 3 elbow functional progressions
``` Swimming Throwing Push ups Sitting push-up Weight shifting on a ball ```
83
Phase 3 wrist/hand rehab
General body conditioning Sports specific exercises Full grip strength is the goal
84
Phase 2 rehab neuromuscular control of hand/wrist
Coin pickup Handwriting Buttoning buttons

Sports Med 2 (16 decks)

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