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Sports Med 2 > Ankle > Flashcards

Ankle Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

_______ ankle sprains account for about _____ of ankle sprains

A

Plantarflexion and inversion

90%

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2
Q

The talus is the ___ largest tarsal

A

2nd

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3
Q

What is the main weight bearing bone in the foot

A

Talus

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4
Q

What shape is the talus

A

Square

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5
Q

The most stable position of the ankle is in

A

Dorsiflexion

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6
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Anterior tibialis

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7
Q

Plantarflexion

A 
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Posterior tibialis
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
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8
Q

Inversion

A

Anterior tibialis

Posterior tibialis

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9
Q

Lateral ligament support

A 
Anterior tibiofibular 
Posterior tibiofibular 
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
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10
Q

Medial ligament support

A

Deltoid

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11
Q

Primary eversion resister

A

Deltoid ligament

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12
Q

Palpations should start with

A

Bony sites

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13
Q

What is the purpose of palpation

A

To detect obvious defects, swelling, localized tenderness

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14
Q

Bony palpation sights on the medial plane

A

Medial malleolus
Navicular
Talus
Cuneiforms

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15
Q

Bony palpation sites on the lateral side

A

Lateral malleolus
Proximal base of the 5th metatarsal
Cuboid

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16
Q

Soft palpation sites on the medial side

A

Deltoid ligament

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17
Q

Soft palpation sites on the lateral side

A 
Anterior talofibular ligament 
Posterior talofibular ligament 
Calcaneofibular ligament 
Peroneal tendon 
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
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18
Q

Soft palpation sites on the posterior side

A

Achilles’ tendon

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19
Q

Restrains anterior displacement of talus

A

Anterior talofibular

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20
Q

Restrains inversion of calcaneous

A

Calcaneofibular

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21
Q

Restrains posterior displacement of talus

A

Posterior talofibular

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22
Q

Prevents eversion and abduction of ankle

A

Deltoid ligaments

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23
Q

Grade 1 inversion

A

CF ligament

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24
Q

Grade 2 Inversion

A

CF and ATF

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25
Q

Grade 3 inversion

A

CF, ATF, and PTF

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26
Q

Grade 1 inversion and plantarflexion

A

ATF

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27
Q

Grade 2 inversion and plantarflexion

A

ATF and CF

28
Q

Grade 3 inversion and plantarflexion

A

ATF, CF, and PTF

29
Q

Grade 1 forced ER and hyper dorsiflexion

A

Anterior tibiofibular (ATiF) and posterior tibiofibular (PTiF)

30
Q

Grade 2 forced ER and hyper dorsiflexion

A

ATiF, PTiF, and interosseous membrane

31
Q

Grade 3 forced ER and hyper dorsiflexion

A

ATiF, PTiF, interosseous membrane and fracture of lateral malleolus

32
Q

Grade 1 eversion

A

Deltoid ligaments and possible avulsion fracture or medial malleolus

33
Q

Grade 2 eversion

A

Deltoid, joint instability, and interosseous membrane

34
Q

Grade 3 eversion

A

Deltoid, joint instability, interosseous membrane and fracture of lateral malleolus

35
Q

What are the functions of the foot?

A

The foot is critical in walking, running, jumping, and changing direction

Shock absorber

Lever that propels body forward, back and side to side

36
Q

What do the arches of the foot do?

A

Support the body weight, shock absorb

37
Q

First metatarsal is abnormally short, making second toe appear longer

A

Mortons toe

38
Q

Morton’s toe symptoms and treatment

A

Pain and point tenderness along 2nd metatarsal

Modified rest and non-weight bearing exercise

39
Q

Fracture at the neck of the fifth metatarsal

A

Jones fracture

40
Q

Jones fracture symptoms and treatment

A

Sharp pain on lateral border, hear a pop

Non-weight bearing short leg cast for 6-8 weeks

41
Q

Painful deformity of head of first metatarsal

A

Bunion

42
Q

Bunion symptoms and treatment

A

Tenderness, swelling, and enlargement

Proper shoes or surgery

43
Q

Inflexibility of medial longitudinal arch, leg length discrepancy

A

Plantar fasciitis

44
Q

Plantar fasciitis symptoms and treatment

A

Pain in anterior medial heel

Rigorous heel core stretching, night splint 8-12 weeks

45
Q

Anterior drawer test

A

One hand grabs proximal to malleolus; one hand cups calcaneus and foot rests on forearm; shift calcaneus and talus anteriorly

46
Q

Talar tilt

A

Same hand position as anterior drawer; tilt calcaneus into inversion and eversion

47
Q

External rotation test

A

1 hand grabs proximal to malleolus; one hand grabs foot; externally rotate foot; can add dorsiflexion

48
Q

Bump test

A

With foot relaxed, bump calcaneus with heel of hand; with foot passively dorsiflexed bump calcaneus with heel of hand

49
Q

Squeeze test

A

Using heels of both hands and starting at mid lower leg, squeeze the tib/fib together as you go down to ankle

50
Q

Thompson test

A

Athlete prone, squeeze muscle belly of gastrocnemius

51
Q

Deep vein thrombosis test

A

Athlete supine; knee extended, ankle dorsiflexed, squeeze gastrocnemius

52
Q

Active ROM

A

Athlete moves in 4 ankle movements; place hand on top, bottom, inside, and outside of ankle and they try to touch hand

53
Q

Passive ROM

A

Athlete is a puppet and you move ankle in four movements

54
Q

Resistive ROM

A

Hand stabilizes proximal malleolus, one hand resists movement of ankle

55
Q

Functional testing

A

General ones that all athletes will have to do, sport and position specific

56
Q

Ankle rehab phase 1

A 
ABCs
Towel scrunches
Foam pick ups 
Balancing on the floor (3x30 sec) 
Calf stretch 
Passive ROM
ICE
Compression wrap w/horseshoe
57
Q

Ankle rehab phase 2

A 
ABCs
Towel scrunches
Balancing (tramp or foam pad)
Calf stretch
Resisted ROM bands 
Calf raises
Ice 
Compression wrap with horseshoe 
Bike
58
Q

Ankle rehab phase 3

A 
ABCs
Balancing (tramp) on one leg, catch ball
Calf stretch
Resisted ROM bands
Calf raises single leg 
Functional activities 
Ice 
Compression wrap
Tape
59
Q

Full release ankle rehab

A 
Full strength
Sport specific testing
Full ROM
Support usually required
Tape
Brace
60
Q

Functional activities

A 
Walk on toes
Walk on heels 
Walk on lateral border of feet
Walk on medial border of feet
Hop on both feet 10 times 
Run forward 70-100%
Run backward 70-100%
Zig zag down and back 
Figure 8
61
Q

10 palpation sites

A
  1. Squeeze midshaft of calf
  2. Medial malleolus
  3. Lateral malleolus
  4. Base of the 5th metatarsal
  5. Calcaneus
  6. Achilles’ tendon
  7. Deltoid ligament
  8. Syndesmosis
  9. Posterior talofibular
  10. Anterior talofibular
62
Q

Why do we do ABCs

A

To increase range of motion and decrease swelling

63
Q

Why do we do towel scrunches

A

Strength

64
Q

Why do we balance for 30 seconds (3 times)

A

It takes 30 seconds for the muscle to enlongate and relax

65
Q

How long do we ice

A

20 minutes

Sports Med 2 (16 decks)

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