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Sports Med 2 > The Head > Flashcards

The Head Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Awake and responds immediately and appropriately

A

alert

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2
Q

Impaired memory, disorientated and confused

A

Confused

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3
Q

Drowsy yet easily aroused, oriented to person, place and time

A

Lethargic

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4
Q

Asleep most of the time, difficult to arouse, responds inappropriately

A

Stuporous

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5
Q

No response to verbal stimuli, some response to painful stimuli

A

Semicomatose

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6
Q

No response

A

Comatose

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7
Q

Nose bleed

A

Epistaxis

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8
Q

Length of time from injury until conscious memory returns

A

Anterograde amnesia

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9
Q

Loss of memory of events that occurred before the injury

A

Retrograde amnesia

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10
Q

Can recite 4-5 words or numbers right after you say them

A

Immediate recall

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11
Q

Ringing in the ears

A

Tinnitus

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12
Q

Balance test for intracranial damage

A

Rhombergs test

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13
Q

Double vision

A

Diplopia

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14
Q

Scalp

A

Mobility

Highly vascular

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15
Q

What are the two sections of the skull

A

Cranium and face

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16
Q

What does the cranium consist of?

A

Large flat bones:

One frontal 
One occipital
Two sphenoid 
Two parietal
Two temporal
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17
Q

Blunt trauma to the head, severe headache, nausea, skin indentation, blood in ear or nose, CSF

A

Skull fracture

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18
Q

Direct or indirect trauma to head, confusion, headache, dizziness, nausea, nystagmus, abnormal pupil response

A

Concussion

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19
Q

Blow to head

May be a slow bleed

A

Intracranial hemorrhage

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20
Q

Blow to head

Extremely fast bleeding, arterial

A

Epidural bleeding

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21
Q

Veins that bridge the dura mater to the brain are torn

A

Subdural bleeding

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22
Q

Force trauma to brain

Bleeding within the brain

A

Intracerebral bleeding

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23
Q

Happens after a head injury, impaired memory, lack of concentration, anxiety and depression

A

Post concussive syndrome

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24
Q

Second head injury before signs and symptoms of initial injury go away

A

Second impact syndrome

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25
Q

Repetitive blows to the head

Progressive degenerative brain disease

A

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

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26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of an intracranial hemorrhage

A

Mild headache but then has severe head pains, dizziness, nausea and unequal pupils

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27
Q

What are the landmarks of the head

A

External occipital protuberance and mastoid process

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28
Q

Motor function, balance, posture

A

Cerebellum

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29
Q

Voluntary movements
Sensory
Motor functions

A

Cerebrum

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30
Q

Between arachnoid and pia mater

A

CSF

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31
Q

What is the purpose of CSF

A

Suspends brain

Cushions it from shock

32
Q

Layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

33
Q

Dense, inelastic, outermost matter

A

Dura mater

34
Q

Thin delicate membrane

A

Arachnoid membrane

35
Q

In between arachnoid and pia helps contain spinal fluid

A

Subarachnoid space

36
Q

Innermost layer

A

Pia mater

37
Q
  1. Olfactory
A

Smell

38
Q
  1. Optic
A

Vision

39
Q
  1. Occulomotor
A

Eye movement, construction of pupil

40
Q
  1. Trochlear
A

Eye movement

41
Q
  1. Trigeminial
A

Head and face sensation

42
Q
  1. Abducens
A

Lateral eye movement

43
Q
  1. Facial
A

Taste, facial movement

44
Q
  1. Acoustic
A

Hearing and equilibrium

45
Q
  1. Glossopharyngeal
A

Swallowing

46
Q
  1. Vagus
A

Speech

47
Q
  1. Spinal accessory
A

Movement of neck and shoulders

48
Q
  1. Hypoglossal
A

Movement of the tongue

49
Q

Special tests

A

Neurological exam
Balance test
Coordination test
Cognitive test

50
Q

Neurological exam tests

A 
Cerebral testing 
Cranial nerve testing 
Sensory testing 
Cerebellum testing
Reflex testing
51
Q

Balance tests

A

Rhomberg

BESS (balance error scoring system)

52
Q

Coordination test

A

Finger to nose
Heel to toe walking
Heel to knee

53
Q

Cognitive tests

A

Count backwards from 100 by 7
Spelling a word backwards
Naming the months in reverse order
Neuropsychological assessments

54
Q

What is it okay to do with a concussion

A 
Use Tylenol (after the first night)
Ice packs for head and neck 
Eat a light diet 
Go to sleep
Rest
55
Q

What don’t you do when you have a concussion

A

Drink alcohol

Eat spicy foods

56
Q

Return to play protocol

A 
Step 1: light aerobic exercise
Step 2: sport specific exercise 
Step 3: non contact training 
Step 4: full contact practice 
Step 5: return to play
57
Q

Most frequently at frontal angle, deformity, pain when biting down, bleeding and numbness

A

Jaw fracture

58
Q

Blow to open mouth, locked open position, teeth aren’t symmetrical

A

Jaw dislocation

59
Q

Direct force with sharp object, pain, bleeding, obvious tearing of skin

A

Facial laceration

60
Q

Direct blow, deformity and swelling at bridge of nose

A

Nasal fracture

61
Q

Blow to jaw. Above or below gum line, injury to pulp

A

Tooth fracture

62
Q

Direct blow, missing it dislodged tooth

A

Partial, complete or dislocated tooth

63
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of an epidural bleed

A

In 10-20 minutes athlete will go from fine to having major symptoms

64
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a subdural bleed

A

Bleeding is slow, signs and symptoms may not appear for many hours

65
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of an intracerebral bleed

A

Deterioration of neurological function

66
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a post concussive syndrome

A

Appear stunned, within short time athlete may collapse, dilated pupils, loss of eye movement, respiratory failure

67
Q

Head evaluation process (history)

A 
Any loss of consciousness? 
Determine LOC (alert-comatose)
Headache (location, type)
Memory 
Questions 
Hearing
Dizziness 
Nausea 
Vision
68
Q

What are the questions for concussion evaluation

A 
Do you know where you are?
What happened to you?
Does your head hurt?
Do you have pain in your neck?
Can you move your hands and feet? 
Have you ever been knocked out before?
69
Q

What do you look for in a concussion evaluation (observation)

A

Obvious deformity
Disoriented? Can they answer history questions?
Blank or vacant stare? Difficulty keeping eyes open?
Slurred or incoherent speech
Delayed verbal and motor responses
Gross disturbance in coordination
Inability to focus, easily distracted
Memory deficit, asking the same question over and over
Length of time athletes affects abnormal
Swelling or bleeding from the scalp
Clear or straw colored fluid in ear canal
Pupils
Discoloration

70
Q

Palpation/physical exam

A

Skull deformity
Open wounds
Palpate both the neck and skull

71
Q

Why do we do cerebral testing

A

To test cognitive function

72
Q

Why do we do cranial nerve testing

A

Rule out isolated injury

73
Q

Why do we do cerebellum testing

A

Coordination and motor function

74
Q

When do you refer to the ER

A 
Deterioration of neurological function 
Decreasing LOC
Decrease of irregular respirations 
Decrease it irregular pulse 
Unequal, dilated or unreactive pupils 
S/s of spine or skull fx, or bleeding 
Mental status changes 
Seizure
Vomiting
75
Q

Refer to physician

A

Loss of consciousness on the field
Amnesia lasting longer than 15 min
Increase in BP
Cranial nerve deficits
Decrease in motor, sensory, or balance function after initial evaluation
Post-concussion symptoms worsen or do not improve over time

76
Q

Delayed referral (after the day of the injury)

A

Post-concussion symptoms worsen or do not improve over time
Increase in number of post-concussion symptoms reported
Post concussion symptoms begin to interfere with the athlete’s daily activities

Sports Med 2 (16 decks)

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