MOI Flashcards
Physical injury or wound sustained in sport, produced by an external or internal force
Trauma
Outside force acting on tissue
Load
Internal reaction or resistance to an external force
Stress
Elastic limit of tissue
Yield point
Elastic limit of tissue is exceeded, causing tissue to break
Mechanical failure
Involuntary muscle contraction characterized by alternate contraction and relaxation
Clonic
Muscle contraction characterized by constant contraction
Tonic
Involuntary muscle contraction
Muscle cramp
Muscle contraction in response to pain
Muscle guarding pain
Pain caused by overexertion
Muscle soreness
Stretching or tearing of a ligament
Sprain
Fluid filled sac
Bursae
Area of tenderness in a tight band of muscle
Trigger point muscle
Attaches muscle to bone
Tendon
When something occurs out of place
Ectopic
Cracking feel or sound
Crepitus
Provide info on joint position
Mechanoreceptors position
Stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon
Strain
Force that pulls or stretches tissue
Tension
Produced by external loads applied towards one another (opposite directions)
Compression
Equal but not opposite loads applied to surfaces, moving in parallel directions
Shearing
When two or three force pairs act at opposite ends of a structure or a bowed structure is axially loaded
Bending
Loads twisting in opposite directions that cause stress over cross section
Torsion
Acute traumatic injuries
Fractures Dislocations and subluxations Ligament sprains Contusions Muscle sprains Muscle guarding Muscle cramping Nerve injuries Muscle soreness
Chronic overuse injuries
Tendinosis/Tendonitis/Tendonipathy Bursitis Osteoarthritis Myofacial Trigger Points Tenosynovitis
Injury that has a beginning point
Acute
Result from overuse
Chronic
Injury example of tension
Muscle strain or ligament strain
Injury example of compression
Oblique fracture
Injury example of shearing
Blisters or abrasions
Injury example of bending
Oblique fracture, transverse fracture
Injury example of torsion
Spiral fracture, oblique fracture
Incomplete breaks in bones that have not completely ossified. They occur most frequently in the convex bone surface
Greenstick
Three or more fractures at the fracture site. They can be caused by a hard blow or fall in an awkward position
Comminuted
The bone splits along and it’s length. They are often the result of jumping from a height and landing in such a way as to apply force or stress to the long axis
Linear
Occurs in a straight line, more or less at right angles to the bone shaft. A direct blow usually causes this injury
Transverse
Have an S-shaped separation. They are fairly common in football and skiing, in which the foot is planted and the body is suddenly rotated
Spiral
Telescopes one part of a bone into the other. Happens from a fall from a height, compressive force along the long axis of bone
Impacted
Separation of a bone fragment from its cortex at an attachment of the ligament or tendon. Usually occurs at the seven powerful twist or stretch
Avulsion
Most common fracture, occurs from overuse rather than acute trauma
Stress
Similar to spiral fracture. These occur when one end receives sudden torsion and the other end is fixed or stabilized
Oblique
Inflammation of a tendon due to chronic overuse
Tendinitis
A bruise caused by some external impact that makes soft tissues compress against hard bone and tear/bleed
Contusion
A bone is forced out of alignment and stays out until surgically or manually replaced
Dislocation
A bone is forced out of alignment but goes back in place
Subluxation
A wearing down of the hyaline cartilage due to repeated trauma to the joint and soft tissue surrounding it
Osteoarthritis
Irritated pieces of synovial membrane that produce a small amount of fluid because of excessive movement or acute trauma
Bursitis
Calcium deposits that result from repeated trauma
Myositis ossificans
Inflammation of a tendon and it’s synovial sheath due to overuse
Tenosynovitis
Cells that absorb and remove osseous tissue
Osteoclasts
New bone formation over a fracture
Callus
Bone functions
Supports body Organ protection Movement Stores calcium and fat Formation of blood cells
Bone classification
Long
Short
Irregular
Flat
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
Redness Swelling Pain Increased temp Loss of function
Wasting away of tissue, directly proportional to amount and length of time immobilized, making body part more susceptible to re-injury
Atrophy
What are the three phases of ATC
- Inflammatory/acute response
- Repair phase
- Remodeling phase
What happens in the repair phase
- Scar formation
- Tissues are still unorganized
- Fibroblasts create matrix to form scar
What happens in the remodeling phase
- long term process (1 year or longer)
- realignment or remodeling of the collagen fibers with stress and strains on tissue
- tissue assumes normal appearance and function but is avascular
Some muscle fibers have been stretched or actually torn. Some tenderness and pain in active motion. Full ROM is usually painful but possible
Grade 1 Muscle Strain
A number of muscle fibers have been torn; active contraction very painful. Depression can be felt in muscle belly. Swelling and discoloration may occur
Grade 2 muscle Strain
A complete rupture of muscle belly has occurred as muscle tendon connection. Significant impairment or total loss of ROM. Intense pain then none due to nerve fiber separation
Grade three muscle strain
There is some stretching and separation of the ligamentous fibers with minimal instability of the joint. Mild to moderate pain; localized swelling and stillness
Ligament sprain grade 1
There is some tearing and separation of the ligament fibers with moderate to serve pain; swelling and joint stiffness
Grade 2 ligament sprain
Total tearing of the ligament which leads to instability of the joint. It can result in subluxation or even dislocations. Severe pain, followed by possibly no pain due to total disruption of nerves; intense swelling/stiffness
Grade 3 ligament sprain
Volleyball coach
Judyann Balukoff
Soccer coaches
Girls- Donal Kaehler
Boys- Bill Taylor
Hockey coach
Rick Godin
Football coach
Chris Culig
Cross country coach
Jeff Howard
