Environmental Concerns Flashcards
Increased body temperature
Hyperthermia
Decrease of body temperature
Hypothermia
Indicate amount of heat associate with generation of body rhythm
Metabolic heat production
Energy is transferred from molecule to molecule by direct contact
Conductive heat exchange
By movement of fluid
Convective heat exchange
Transfer of energy by means of protons
Radiant heat exchange
Large fraction of heat loss from body sweat glands
Evaporative heat loss
DBT
Didlechcal behavior therapy
WBGT
Wetbulb globe temperature
Estimates how far away lightening is occurring
Flash to bang method
Process of an organism adjusting to its environment
Acclimatization
SPF
Sun protection factor
Physiological stress caused by jet travel when flying east or west at high speeds that alters the athlete’s biological and biophysical time clock
Circadian dysthymia
One of the most dangerous natural hazards and causes more than 60 fatalities and hundreds of injuries annually
Lightening
How do you prevent lightening strikes?
Stay inside
Decreased blood flow caused by sickle cell anemia, cramping and fatigue
Exertional sickling
Disease in which the airways become inflamed and airflow is restricted
Asthma
Chronic metabolic disorder absolute insulin deficiency with 01 resistance
Diabetes mellitus
Leading cause of death in exercising athletes, structural cardiac abnormality
Sudden cardiac arrest
Fracture dislocation above C4, axial loading is primary cause
Head down contact in football
Rare, low sodium concentration, over drinking, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness
Exertional hyponatremia
Index for report of daily air quality
AQI
AQI Categories
Good: 0-50 Moderate: 51-100 Unhealthy for Sensitive: 101-150 Unhealthy: 151-200 Very Unhealthy: 201-300 Hazardous: 301-500
What causes heat illness?
Exercising in hot and humid environments
Result of continuously wet unevaporated sweat
Heat rash
Associated with rapid fatigue and overexposure, blood pooling in extremities
Heat syncope
What are the symptoms of heat syncope?
Dizziness, nausea and fainting
Excessive water loss and electrolyte imbalance from working in heat and heavily sweating
Heat cramps
Result of inadequate fluid replacement, unable to sustain adequate cardiac output
Exertional heat exhaustion
Profuse sweating, thirsty, weight loss, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperventilation, muscle cramps, loss of coordination
Exertional heat exhaustion
Sudden thermoregulatory failure
Exertional heatstroke
Sudden collapse, LOC, CNS dysfunction, flushed hot skin, minimal sweating, increased pulse and respirations, core temperature of over 104
Exertional heatstroke
Involves eats, cheek, nose, chin, fingers and toes. Skin appears firm with cold painless areas that may peel and blister (24-72hrs)
Frost nip
Involves only skin and subcutaneous tissue. Appears waxy, hard, pale and cold. May blister for several weeks
Superficial frostbite
Frozen tissue requiring hospitalization
Deep frostbite
1/3 of people will experience this when making the jump between 7000-8000 ft
Acute mountain sickness
Brain disruption associated with sodium potassium imbalance results in fluid retention and cellular presence changes
Acute mountain sickness
Pathogenic microorganisms that can potentially cause disease
Bloodborne pathogen
OSHA
Occupational safety and health administration
Which pathogen has a high chance of spreading and why?
HBV can be spread more easily via sharp objects, open wounds and bodily fluids
Major cause of viral infection that results in swelling, soreness and LOF in liver
HBV
Family of complex viruses that invade normal healthy cells
HIV
HBV symptoms
Fatigue, weakness, nausea, fever, abdominal pain, headache or no symptoms at all
HIV symptoms
Fatigue, weight loss, muscle or joint pain, night sweats, and fever
Prevention of HBV
Good personal hygiene
Prevention of HIV
Be educated
Most common type of HIV. Scientists believe it is responsible for the global aids pandemic according to the National institute of allergy and infectious disease
HIV-1
When people at very high risk for HIV take HIV medication daily to lower their chances of getting infected by 90%
PeEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)
Transmitted through bodily fluids, few cases have been reported in the US, most prevalent in west Africa, less easily passed from person to person and generally takes longer to show symptoms
HIV-2
Biggest obstacle with finding a cure for HIV
Virus latency, a person may appear aviremic, but have sufficient virus within latently infected cells to trigger release
Protein
No benefits
Recommended guidelines for drinking before
17-20 oz, 2-3 hours before activity
Recommended guidelines for drinking during
28-40 oz per hour of play
Recommended guidelines for drinking after
30 oz per pound of weight loss in 2 hours
