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Sports Med 2 > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

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1
Q

Largest sesamoid in the body

A

Patella

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2
Q

Fibrocartilage disks that make the rounded femoral condyles fit to support the joint and cushion the knee joint

A

Menisci

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3
Q

Death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply

A

Avascular necrosis

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4
Q

Prevents tibia from moving forward and femur back

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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5
Q

Prevents tibia from sliding back and femur forwards

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

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6
Q

Stabilized knee and protects from valgrus force

A

Medial collateral ligament

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7
Q

Resists varus force applied to medial surface of knee

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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8
Q

Cushion the front of the knee

A

Fat pads

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9
Q

Knock knees, tension on medial aspect

A

Genu valgum

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10
Q

Bow legs, tension on the lateral aspect

A

Genu varum

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11
Q

Blood in the joint

A

Hemarthrosis

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12
Q

Soft tissue diagnosis tool

A

MRI

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13
Q

Anterior gliding of the tibia

A

Translation

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14
Q

Valgus stress test

A

Place one hand on the lateral aspect of the knee and the other on the medial aspect of the ankle. Apply a valgus force to the knee at 0 and 30 degrees.

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15
Q

Positive test for Valgus stress test

A

Pain and laxity at the MCL

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16
Q

LCL special test

A

Varus stress test

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17
Q

What is the varus stress test

A

Place one hand on the medial aspect of the knee and the other on the lateral ankle. Apply a varus force to the knee at 0 and 30 degrees.

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18
Q

Varus positive test

A

Pain/laxity at LCL

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19
Q

What is the special test for the ACL

A

Lachmans and anterior drawer

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20
Q

What is the lachmans test

A

Firmly grasp the distal femur and the proximal tibia. With the knee in slight flexion pull the tibia anteriorly

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21
Q

Lachmans positive test

A

Laxity compared to uninsured side

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22
Q

What is the anterior drawer test

A

Put the athlete in knee flexion. Place hands in the superior aspect of the gastrocnemius and pull anteriorly

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23
Q

When is the anterior test positive

A

Pain and the tibia moves forward

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24
Q

Knees are designed to:

A

Provide stability and mobility

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25
Q

The knee is the most ______ joint in the body

A

Complex

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26
Q

The knee is a _______ joint

A

Hinge

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27
Q

Stability depends on the

A

Ligaments, joint capsule and muscles

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28
Q

The knee is unstable in which directions

A

Laterally and medially

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29
Q

How many bursae are around the knee?

A

2 dozen

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30
Q

The ______ fat pad is the largest

A

Infrapatellar

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31
Q

What is the purpose of the fat pad?

A

Cushions the front of the knee and separates the patella tendon from the joint capsule

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32
Q

Tibial nerve supplies the

A

Semitendinosis, semimembranosus, and gastrocnemius

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33
Q

Peroneal nerve supplies the

A

Biceps femoris

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34
Q

Femoral nerve supplies the

A

Quadriceps

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35
Q

_______ artery stems from the femoral artery

A

Popliteal

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36
Q

Leg alignment questions

A 
Are the patellas level?
Patellas facing forward?
Can the athlete touch the medial femoral condyles and medial malleoli together?
Are the knees fully extended? 
Are both knees equally extended?
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37
Q

Genu valgum

A

Knock knees

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38
Q

Symptoms of knock knees (genu valgum)

A

Pronated feet
Tension on ligaments
Compression of lateral aspects
Abnormal tightness of IT band

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39
Q

Genu varum

A

Bow legs

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40
Q

Genu varum (bow legs) symptoms

A

Tension on ligaments on lateral surface of knee/IT band

Supinated foot

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41
Q

Genu recurvatum

A

Hyperextended knees and

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42
Q

Symptoms of genu recurvatum (hyperextended knees)

A

Compensation for lordosis
Stretching of hamstring muscles
Produces anterior pressure on knee, posterior ligaments and tendons

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43
Q

What is the Q angle?

A

When lines are drawn from the middle of the patella to the anteriorsuperior spine of the illium and from the tubercle of the tibia through the center of the patella

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44
Q

What is a normal Q angle?

A

10 degrees for males, 15 for females

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45
Q

If you have a Q angle greater than 20 what does it mean

A

It is considered excessive and could lead to knee pain and injuries

46
Q

How do you measure the Q angle?

A

With the knee fully extended and flexed at 30 degrees

47
Q

Longest and strongest bone

A

Femur

48
Q

Sesamoid: bone within tendon

Shock absorber

A

Patella

49
Q

Primary weight bearing bone in lower leg

A

Tibia

50
Q

Bears no weight, attachment site for muscles

Gives stability to ankle

A

Fibula

51
Q

Protects from valgus (medial) displacement

A

Medial collateral ligament

52
Q

Protects from varus (lateral) displacement, taut during knee extension

A

Lateral collateral ligament

53
Q

Most frequently ruptured, protects from anterior tibia motion, made of three twisting bands

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

54
Q

Protects from posterior displacement, stronger than ACL

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

55
Q

Most common injured ligament in the knee

A

MCL

56
Q

Valgus stress, lateral blow w/ foot fixation, serve twist that causes swelling, limited ROM, pain, LOF, and instability

A

MCL injury

57
Q

Mild ligament fibers torn or stretched but joint is stable with mild or no swelling, mild pain, stiffness and joint tenderness

A

MCL grade 1

58
Q

Tearing of the capsule, partial tear of MCL, moderate instability, swelling, joint stiffness

A

MCL grade 2

59
Q

Complete tear of MCL and supporting ligaments, complete loss of medial stability, severe pain and swelling, LOF and hear a pop

A

MCL grade 3

60
Q

Varus stress, medial blow with pain, inflammation, instability and LOF

A

LCL sprain

61
Q

Torsion, (foot fixation with twisting) or a blow. Typically happens in female soccer players and they hear a pop, then rapid swelling and pain

A

ACL sprain

62
Q

Severe hyperextension, or a fall w/knee flexed to 90 degrees

Symptoms: feeling a pop in back of knee, tenderness, little swelling, instability and pain

A

PCL injury

63
Q

PCL special tests

A

Posterior drawer and posterior sag

64
Q

Posterior drawer procedure

A

W/athlete in knee flexion push posteriorly on tibia

65
Q

Positive test for posterior drawer

A

Laxity compared bilaterally

66
Q

Posterior sag procedure

A

Athlete lies supine with knees and hips flexed to 90. Hold the tibias at 90 and look for sagging of the proximal tibia

67
Q

Positive test for posterior sag

A

Sagging of proximal tibia

68
Q

C-shaped, attached to medial facet tibia

A

Medial meniscus

69
Q

O-shaped, attached to lateral aspect of tibia

A

Lateral meniscus

70
Q

What are the three zones

A

Red, red-white, and white-white

71
Q

Two oval fibrocartilages that deepen the articulation and cushion any stresses placed on the knee joint

A

Meniscus

72
Q

Red zone:

A

Outer 1/3, good vascular supply

73
Q

Red-white zone

A

Middle 1/3, has minimal blood supply

74
Q

White-white zone:

A

Inner 1/3 is avascular

75
Q

Higher incidence of injury, it attaches to tibia and capsular ligament

A

Meniscus injury

76
Q

Firm foot fixation with rotary force (torsion) while the knee is extended or flexed, cutting motion, squatting

A

Meniscus injury

77
Q

What are the symptoms for a meniscus injury

A

Swelling, discoloration

Pain along the joint, loss of ROM, locking, clicking, buckling

78
Q

Cutting with foot fixation in younger athletes

A

Bucket handle

79
Q

Torsion

A

Parrot beak

80
Q

Forced flexion

A

Loose body

81
Q

Types of meniscus injuries

A

Bucket handle
Parrot beak
Loose body

82
Q

How do you treat a meniscus injury

A

MRI, surgery, ice, rom,

83
Q

Anterior thigh (quadriceps)

A

Vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

84
Q

What is the movement of the quadriceps

A

Knee extension

85
Q

Posterior thigh (hamstrings)

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosis, biceps femoris

86
Q

What is the movement of the hamstrings

A

Knee flexion

87
Q

Medial thigh (groin)

A

Adductor longus, brevis, magnus, gracilis, pectineus

88
Q

What is the movement of the medial thigh

A

Hip adduction

89
Q

Lateral thigh

A

Tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius

90
Q

Lateral thigh movement

A

Hip abduction

91
Q

Lower leg

A

Gastrocnemius

92
Q

Lower leg movement

A

Knee flexion

93
Q

Compression force, blow to the soft tissue of the thigh with inflammation, discoloration, and loss of ROM

A

Quad contusion

94
Q

Sudden stretching contraction (jumping, kicking) with pain, spasm, loss of function

A

Quad strain

95
Q

Muscle fatigue, faulty posture, leg length discrepancy, tight hamstrings, improper form with discoloration, pain, LOF, swelling

A

Hamstring strain

96
Q

Continued kneeling or falling directly on the knee with localized swelling and redness

A

Bursitis

97
Q

Jumping, kicking, or running may place extreme tension on the knee with vague tenderness and pain

A

Patellar tendinitis (jumpers knee)

98
Q

When an athlete plants the foot, decelerates, and simultaneously cuts in an opposite side from the weight beating foot

A

Patella dislocation

99
Q

Rapidly growing immature adolescent knee, repeated pull of the patella tendon at tibial tubercle

A

Osgood-schlatter disease

100
Q

Overuse condition in runners or cyclists with tenderness, mild swelling, increased warmth, and redness over the lateral femoral condyle

A

IT band tendinitis (runners knee)

101
Q

When can an athletic trainer go on the field for an injury in lacrosse

A

When the ref stops play and allows you on

102
Q

What are the offense positions in lacrosse

A

1st, 2nd, 3rd home, and 2 attack wings

103
Q

What are the defense positions in lacrosse

A

Center, 2 wings, point, cover point, 3rd man and goalie

104
Q

During a track meet, what locations will injuries most likely occur?

A

Pole vault, finish line and over hurdles

105
Q

Return to play criteria

A

Full ROM
Full strength
Pain free

106
Q

Functional activities

A

Walking
Jogging
Running
Spiriting

107
Q

What is the long term goal of rehab

A

To return the injured athlete to practice or competition as quickly and safely as possible

108
Q

Short term goals of rehab

A

Maintain or improve flexibility, restore or increase strength, reestablish neuromuscular control, and maintain level of cardiovascular fitness

109
Q

Rehab goals

A

To prevent de-conditioning and to restore the injured part to a pre-injury status

110
Q

Phase 1 rehab

A 
Heel slides
Quadriceps contractions
Knee extension (no weight)
Pilates (clams, 90/90)
Balancing
Bike workout 
Hamstring curls (no bridge)
4 way hip exercises 
Stretching

Sports Med 2 (16 decks)

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