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Bio 40B > The Heart Pt.1 > Flashcards

The Heart Pt.1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is included in the cardiovascular system?

A

heart, blood, blood vessels

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2
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the mediastinum with 2/3 of its mass to the left of midline

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3
Q

What encloses the heart?

A

The pericardium

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4
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts of the serous pericardium?

A

parietal layer and the visceral layer

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6
Q

What is between the parietal and visceral layer of the serous pericardium?

A

The pericardial cavity

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7
Q

What is the purpose of pericardial fluid?

A

It reduces friction between 2 membranes

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall (from surface to deep)?

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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9
Q

What makes up the epicardium?

A

consists of mesothelium and connective tissue

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10
Q

What makes up the myocardium?

A

cardiac muscle

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11
Q

What makes up the endocardium?

A

endothelium and connective tissue

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12
Q

What are auricles?

A

small pouches in the anterior surface of each atrium that slightly increase the capacity of each atrium

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13
Q

What are sulci?

A

Grooves that contain blood vessels and fat and indicates the separation between chambers

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14
Q

receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus

A

R atrium

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15
Q

Blood passes from R atrium to R ventricle through what valve

A

the tricuspid valve

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16
Q

forms most of the anterior surface of the heart

A

R ventricle

17
Q

blood passes from R ventricle to pulmonary trunk through which valve

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

18
Q

receives blood from pulmonary veins

A

L atrium

19
Q

blood passes from L atrium to L ventricle through what valve

A

bicuspid (mitral) valve

20
Q

forms the apex of the heart

A

L ventricle

21
Q

blood passes from the L ventricle to aorta through which valve

A

aortic semilunar valve

22
Q

How thick are atrial walls? Why are they that size?

A

Thin; they deliver blood to ventricles

23
Q

How thick are ventricle walls? Why are they that size?

A

Thicker; they pump blood greater distances

24
Q

Which of the ventricles has thicker walls? Why?

A

L ventricle b/c they pump blood through the body where there is greater resistance to blood flow; R ventricle has thinner walls because they pump blood into lungs which provide less resistance to blood flow

25
Q

Functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart:

A

> forms the foundation for which the heart valves attach
serves as points of insertion for cardiac muscle bundles
prevents overstretching of the valves as blood passes through them
acts as an electrical insulator that prevents direct spread of action potentials from the atria to ventricles

26
Q

What type of valves prevent blood flow from the ventricles back into the aorta?

A

atrioventricular valves

27
Q

How is back flow prevented?

A

By the contraction of papillary muscles of papillary muscles tightening the chordae tendinae which prevent the valve cusps from everting

28
Q

What type of valves allow ejection of blood from the heart into arteries but prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles?

A

semilunar valves

29
Q

When do semilunar valves open?

A

when pressure in the ventricles exceeds the pressure in the arteries

30
Q

What side of the heart is the pump for systemic circulation?

A

left side

31
Q

What is the systemic circulation?

A

It pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs out into the vessels of the body

32
Q

What side of the heart is the pump for pulmonary circulation?

A

right side

33
Q

What is the pulmonary circulation?

A

It receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs for oxygenation

34
Q

The flow of blood through the many vessels that pierce the myocardium is the

A

coronary (cardiac) circulation

35
Q

What is the coronary circulation

A

It delivers oxygenated blood and nutrients to and removes carbon dioxide and wastes from the myocardium

36
Q

Outline the blood flow through the chambers of the heart through the systemic and pulmonary circulations.

A

R atrium > tricuspid valve > R ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary trunk > pulmonary arteries > lungs (pulmonary capillaries) > pulmonary veins > L atrium > bicuspid valve > L ventricle > aortic valve > aorta and systemic capillaries > superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus > REPEAT

Bio 40B (25 decks)

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