The Heart Pt.1

Question 1

What is included in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

heart, blood, blood vessels

Question 2

Where is the heart located?

Answer 2

In the mediastinum with 2/3 of its mass to the left of midline

Question 3

What encloses the heart?

Answer 3

The pericardium

Question 4

What are the 2 main parts of the pericardium

Answer 4

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

Question 5

What are the 2 parts of the serous pericardium?

Answer 5

parietal layer and the visceral layer

Question 6

What is between the parietal and visceral layer of the serous pericardium?

Answer 6

The pericardial cavity

Question 7

What is the purpose of pericardial fluid?

Answer 7

It reduces friction between 2 membranes

Question 8

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall (from surface to deep)?

Answer 8

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 9

What makes up the epicardium?

Answer 9

consists of mesothelium and connective tissue

Question 10

What makes up the myocardium?

Answer 10

cardiac muscle

Question 11

What makes up the endocardium?

Answer 11

endothelium and connective tissue

Question 12

What are auricles?

Answer 12

small pouches in the anterior surface of each atrium that slightly increase the capacity of each atrium

Question 13

What are sulci?

Answer 13

Grooves that contain blood vessels and fat and indicates the separation between chambers

Question 14

receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus

Answer 14

R atrium

Question 15

Blood passes from R atrium to R ventricle through what valve

Answer 15

the tricuspid valve

Question 16

forms most of the anterior surface of the heart

Answer 16

R ventricle

Question 17

blood passes from R ventricle to pulmonary trunk through which valve

Answer 17

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 18

receives blood from pulmonary veins

Answer 18

L atrium

Question 19

blood passes from L atrium to L ventricle through what valve

Answer 19

bicuspid (mitral) valve

Question 20

forms the apex of the heart

Answer 20

L ventricle

Question 21

blood passes from the L ventricle to aorta through which valve

Answer 21

aortic semilunar valve

Question 22

How thick are atrial walls? Why are they that size?

Answer 22

Thin; they deliver blood to ventricles

Question 23

How thick are ventricle walls? Why are they that size?

Answer 23

Thicker; they pump blood greater distances

Question 24

Which of the ventricles has thicker walls? Why?

Answer 24

L ventricle b/c they pump blood through the body where there is greater resistance to blood flow; R ventricle has thinner walls because they pump blood into lungs which provide less resistance to blood flow

Question 25

Functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart:

Answer 25

> forms the foundation for which the heart valves attach > serves as points of insertion for cardiac muscle bundles > prevents overstretching of the valves as blood passes through them > acts as an electrical insulator that prevents direct spread of action potentials from the atria to ventricles

Question 26

What type of valves prevent blood flow from the ventricles back into the aorta?

Answer 26

atrioventricular valves

Question 27

How is back flow prevented?

Answer 27

By the contraction of papillary muscles of papillary muscles tightening the chordae tendinae which prevent the valve cusps from everting

Question 28

What type of valves allow ejection of blood from the heart into arteries but prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles?

Answer 28

semilunar valves

Question 29

When do semilunar valves open?

Answer 29

when pressure in the ventricles exceeds the pressure in the arteries

Question 30

What side of the heart is the pump for systemic circulation?

Answer 30

left side

Question 31

What is the systemic circulation?

Answer 31

It pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs out into the vessels of the body

Question 32

What side of the heart is the pump for pulmonary circulation?

Answer 32

right side

Question 33

What is the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 33

It receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs for oxygenation

Question 34

The flow of blood through the many vessels that pierce the myocardium is the

Answer 34

coronary (cardiac) circulation

Question 35

What is the coronary circulation

Answer 35

It delivers oxygenated blood and nutrients to and removes carbon dioxide and wastes from the myocardium

Question 36

Outline the blood flow through the chambers of the heart through the systemic and pulmonary circulations.

Answer 36

R atrium > tricuspid valve > R ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary trunk > pulmonary arteries > lungs (pulmonary capillaries) > pulmonary veins > L atrium > bicuspid valve > L ventricle > aortic valve > aorta and systemic capillaries > superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus > REPEAT