Blood Vessels pt. 1 + pt. 2

Question 1

How many layers in a general blood vessel?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What are the 3 layers in a general blood vessel?

Answer 2

tunica interna (intima), tunica media, tunica externa

Question 3

What layer of a blood vessel: closest to the lumen, has direct contact with blood and is continuous with the endocardium. It consists of an inner endothelium and a basement membrane

Answer 3

tunica interna

Question 4

What layer of blood vessel: consists of elastic and collagen fibers, forms a protective layer, adjacent to surrounding tissue

Answer 4

tunica externa

Question 4

What layer of blood vessel: consists of smooth muscle and elastic fibers that provide for changes in lumen diameter

Answer 4

tunica media

Question 5

blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to tissues

Answer 5

arteries

Question 6

What are the functional properties of arteries

Answer 6

elasticity and contractility

Question 7

allows arteries to accept blood under great pressure from the contraction of the ventricles and to send it on through the system

Answer 7

elasticity

Question 8

allows arteries to increase or decrease lumen size and to limit bleeding from wounds

Answer 8

contractility

Question 9

large arteries with more elastic fibers and less smooth muscle

Answer 9

elastic arteries

Question 10

elastic arteries are also called __? why?

Answer 10

conducting arteries; because they conduct blood from the heart to medium sized muscular arteries and function as a pressure reservoir

Question 11

arteries that have a large amount of smooth muscle in their walls and distribute blood to various parts of the body; more smooth muscle

Answer 11

muscular arteries

Question 12

the union of the branches of 2 or more arteries supplying the same region

Answer 12

anastomoses

Question 13

what is the purpose of anastomoses

Answer 13

to provide alternate routes for blood to reach a tissue or organ

Question 14

collateral circulation

Answer 14

alternate flow of blood to a body part through an anastomosis

Question 15

arteries that do not anastomose

Answer 15

end arteries

Question 16

very small, almost microscopic, arteries that regulate the flow of blood to capillaries

Answer 16

arterioles

Question 17

through __ and __, arterioles assume a key role in regulating blood flow from arteries into capillaries and in altering arterial BP

Answer 17

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 18

microscopic vessels that usually connect arterioles and venules

Answer 18

capillaries

Question 19

flow of blood through the capillaries is called

Answer 19

microcirculation

Question 20

what is the primary function of capillaries

Answer 20

permit exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells through interstitial fluid

Question 21

flow of blood through capillaries is regulated by ____ in their walls

Answer 21

vessels with smooth muscle

Question 22

regulates blood flow through true capillaries

Answer 22

rings of smooth muscle fibers called precapillary sphincters

Question 23

what are the 3 types of capillaries

Answer 23

continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids

Question 24

small vessels that are formed from the union of several capillaries; drain blood from capillaries into veins

Answer 24

venules

Question 25

vessels that contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood

Answer 25

veins

Question 26

veins with very thin walls with no smooth muscle to alter their diameters

Answer 26

vascular (venous) sinuses

Question 27

what are the main blood reservoirs

Answer 27

veins of abdominal organs (liver + spleen) and skin

Question 28

substances enter and leave capillaries by __, __, and ___

Answer 28

diffusion, transcytosis, and bulk flow

Question 29

most important method of capillary exchange

Answer 29

simple diffusion

Question 30

how do substances diffuse

Answer 30

down their concentration gradients

Question 31

enclosing of substances within tiny vesicles that enter cells by endocytosis; large, lipid-insoluble

Answer 31

transcytosis

Question 32

more important for the regulation of relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid

Answer 32

bulk flow: filtration and reabsorption

Question 33

movement of water and dissolved substances through capillaries is dependent upon ___ and ___

Answer 33

hydrostatic and osmotic pressures

Question 34

near equilibrium at the arterial and venous ends of capillary by which fluids exit and enter is called

Answer 34

Starling’s Law of the Capillaries

Question 35

abnormal increase in interstitial fluid

Answer 35

edema

Question 36

pressure-driven movement of fluid and solutes from blood capillaries into interstitial fluid

Answer 36

filtration

Question 37

pressure-driven movement of fluid and solutes from interstitial fluid into blood capillaries

Answer 37

reabsorption

Question 38

what promotes filtration

Answer 38

BHP (blood hydrostatic pressure) and IFOP (interstitial fluid osmotic pressure)

Question 39

what promotes reabsorption

Answer 39

IFHP (interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure) and BCOP (blood colloid osmotic pressure)

Question 40

“pushes” fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid

Answer 40

BHP (blood hydrostatic pressure)

Question 41

“pushes” fluid from interstitial spaces back into capillaries

Answer 41

IFOP (interstitial fluid osmotic pressure)

Question 42

“pulls” fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid

Answer 42

BCOP (blood colloid osmotic pressure)

Question 43

“pulls” fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid

Answer 43

IFOP (interstitial fluid osmotic pressure)

Question 44

4 subdivisions of the aorta

Answer 44

ascending aorta, arch of aorta, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta2