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Bio 40B > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

regulates the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands

A

autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

maintains homeostasis (depends on the continual flow of sensory afferent input, from receptors in organs, and efferent motor output to effector organs)

A

autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

structures of the ANS

A

autonomic sensory neurons, integrating centers in the CNS and autonomic motor neurons

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4
Q

operates w/o conscious control

A

ANS

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5
Q

what parts of the brain control the ANS

A

mainly the hypothalamus and the medulla oblangata

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6
Q

sensory input for somatic nervous system

A

from somatic senses and special senses

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7
Q

sensory input for ANS

A

mainly from interoceptors; some from somatic senses and special sense

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8
Q

control of motor output for somatic nervous system

A

VOLUNTARY control from cerebral cortex, with contributions form basal ganglia, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord

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9
Q

control of motor output for ANS

A

INVOLUNTARY control from hypothalamus, limbic system, brain stem and spinal cord; limited control from cerebral cortex

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10
Q

motor neuron pathway for somatic nervous system

A

one-neuron pathway; somatic motor neurons extending from CNS synapse directly with effector

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11
Q

motor neuron pathway for ANS

A

usually two-neuron pathway; preganglionic neurons extending from CNS synapse with postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglion, and postganglionic neurons extending from ganglion synapse with visceral effector. Alternatively, preganglionic neurons may extend from CNS to synapse with chromaffin cells of adrenal medullae

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12
Q

neurotransmitters and hormones of the somatic nervous system

A

all somatic motor neurons release only acetylcholine (ACh)

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13
Q

neurotransmitters and hormones of the ANS

A

all sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release ACh. Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons release NE; those to most sweat glands release ACh. All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release ACh. Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla release epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE)

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14
Q

effectors of the somatic nervous system

A

skeletal muscle

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15
Q

effectors of the ANS

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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16
Q

responses of the somatic nervous system

A

contraction of skeletal muscle

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17
Q

responses of the ANS

A

contraction or relaxation of smooth muscle; increased or decreased rate and force of contraction of cardiac muscle; increased or decreased secretions of glands

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18
Q

ANS motor pathways

A

1) the axon of the first neuron of the ANS extends from the CNS & synapses in a ganglion with the second neuron
2) the second neuron synapses on an effector. Preganglionic fibers release ACh and postganglionic fibers release ACh or NE
3) the efferent part of the ANS is divided into 2 principal parts: the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions. Organs that receive impulses from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are said to have dual innervation

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19
Q

where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons found; what division is this called

A

lateral gray horns of the 12 thoracic and first 2 or 3 lumbar segments; thoracolumbar division

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20
Q

what are the axons of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons known as

A

thoracolumbar outflow

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21
Q

where are the cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons found

A

in cranial nerve nuclei (III, VII, IX, and X), brain stem, lateral gray horns of the 2nd-4th sacral segments of the cord

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22
Q

parasympathetic division is aka

A

craniosacral division

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23
Q

types of sympathetic ganglia

A

sympathetic trunk, prevertebral ganglia

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24
Q

where is the vertebral trunk located

A

vertical row on either side of the vertebral column

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25
Q

where is the prevertebral ganglia located

A

anterior to spinal column and close to large abdominal arteries

26
Q

what abdominal arteries are considered prevertebral ganglia

A

celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia

27
Q

where does the sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons

A

ganglia of the sympathetic trunk or prevertebral ganglia

28
Q

type of parasympathetic ganglia

A

terminal or intramural ganglia

29
Q

where are terminal ganglia located

A

close to or within the wall of a visceral organ

30
Q

name some terminal ganglia

A

ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglia

31
Q

what synapses with postganglionic neurons in terminal ganglia

A

neurons

32
Q

major autonomic plexuses

A

cardiac, pulmonary, celiac and hypogastric

33
Q

sympathetic responses are stimulated by 4 E’s

A

Emergency, embarassment, exercise, and excitement

34
Q

effects of sympathetic stimulation are

A

longer-lasting and more widespread

35
Q

specific sympathetic responses

A

dilation of pupils, increased HR and BP, blood flow to kidneys and GI tract diminishes, blood flow to skeletal muscles, liver, heart, and adipose tissue increases

36
Q

flight or flight system

A

sympathetic

37
Q

rest or relax system

A

parasympathetic

38
Q

effects of parasympathetic stimulation last for

A

short time and less widespread

39
Q

parasympathetic responses

A

salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defacation, decreased HR, decreased airway diamteter, and decreased pupil diameter

40
Q

which neural path consists of two motor neurons

A

autonomic

41
Q

sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse in

A

sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglia

42
Q

postganglionic sympathetic fibers leave the sympathetic trunk ganglia by way of the

A

gray rami

43
Q

80% of the total craniosacral outflow is carried by

A

vagus nerve (x)

44
Q

parasympathetic fibers associated with cranial nerve VII synapse in which terminal ganglia before continuing to their visceral effectors

A

submandibular and pterygopalatine

45
Q

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in

A

terminal ganglia

46
Q

what is true concerning the sympathetic division of the ANS

A

most presynaptic fibers are very short

47
Q

all postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ___ ganglion go to structures in the head

A

superior cervical

48
Q

nerve fibers of the sympathetic division originate in the

A

thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord

49
Q

which autonomic ganglion is associated with the superior mesenteric artery

A

superior mesenteric

50
Q

the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the

A

spinal cord

51
Q

pelvic splanchnic nerves are examples of

A

parasympathetic nerves

52
Q

preganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion are associated with CN

A

III

53
Q

the white rami contain

A

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

54
Q

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ____; parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are ____

A

long; short

55
Q

what is a drug classified as a non-specific beta blocker that reduces HR and force of contraction

A

propranolol

56
Q

adrenergic neurons release

A

NE

57
Q

what is true of adrenergic fibers

A

they are stimulated during the flight-or-flight response

58
Q

the adrenergic receptors for NE and epinephrine are

A

alpha and beta

59
Q

what is the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity called

A

autonomic tone

60
Q

what part of the NS is the main control and integrative center of the ANS

A

hypothalamus

61
Q

what part of the autonomic reflex pathway differs from the somatic reflex pathway

A

motor pathway

Bio 40B (25 decks)

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