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Bio 40B > Ch 21 (Textbook Quiz) > Flashcards

Ch 21 (Textbook Quiz) Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood reaches the cells that make up large blood vessels by way of tiny capillaries called the __ in the outer layer of the vessel

A

vasa vasorum

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2
Q

Which type of blood vessel holds the smallest volume of blood

A

capillaries

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3
Q

Elastic arteries can withstand the pressure of blood at ventricular systole because

A

elastic fibers allow the artery to expand with the pressure, then return to its original size and shape

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4
Q

endothelium makes up the layer of the arteries called the

A

tunica interna

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5
Q

the property of arteries that contributes to a pressure reserve is the

A

elastic recoil of the large arteries

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6
Q

the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place only through the walls of

A

capillaries

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7
Q

capillaries in which the basement membrane is incomplete or absent and have large spaces between the endothelial cells are called

A

sinusoids

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8
Q

veins that contain valves are located mostly in the

A

limbs

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9
Q

principal blood reservoirs are the

A

veins of the abdominal organs

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10
Q

if your total blood volume is 5 liters, the volume in your veins and venules is

A

3 liters

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11
Q

pressure against the walls of capillaries due to water in the blood is called

A

blood hydrostatic pressure

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12
Q

at the venous end of capillaries, fluid moves from the interstitial spaces into the capillaries because:

A

the net filtration pressure at the venous end is higher than at the arterial end

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13
Q

velocity of blood flow is fastest in the

A

aorta

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14
Q

circulation time in an average resting human is about

A

one minute

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15
Q

If CO rises due to an increase in stroke volume or heart rate, but resistance stays the same

A

blood pressure will increase

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16
Q

If a tube is decreased to 1/2 its diameter, it will increase its resistance to fluid flow

A

16 times

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17
Q

the most immediate result of increased muscle contraction and increased respiration would be

A

increased venous return to the heart

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18
Q

because the pulmonary arteries have larger diameter, thinner walls, and less elastic tissue than systemic arteries

A

the resistance to blood flow is very low

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19
Q

effector tissues regulated by the cardiovascular center are

A

heart muscle and blood vessel smooth muscles but not skeletal muscles

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20
Q

sympathetic nerve impulses reach the heart via

A

cardiac accelerator nerves

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21
Q

information on BP travels from the baroreceptors in the arch of the aorta to the cardiovascular center through the

A

vagus nerve

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22
Q

because of the presence of beta adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscles of arterioles going to skeletal muscles and the heart, sympathetic stimulation causes

A

vasodilation and increase in blood flow to these tissues

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23
Q

If blood pressure drops, a negative feedback mechanism causes

A

increase in HR, stroke volume, and vasoconstriction

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24
Q

the principle stimulus for autoregulation of blood flow into the capillaries is

A

oxygen

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25
Q

which of the following blood vessels is most often used to find arterial systolic pulse

A

radial artery

26
Q

if the BP reading on a patient is 142/95, the pulse pressure is

A

47 mm Hg

27
Q

a sign of shock is

A

hypotension

28
Q

shock becomes steadily worse and compensatory mechanisms are no longer adequate when the blood volume drops more than

A

10-20 percent

29
Q

blood is carried away from the heart by

A

systemic arteries

30
Q

which of the following carries oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary vein

31
Q

after the baby is born, the umbilical vein that passes through the liver constricts and becomes the:

A

ligamentum teres (round ligament)

32
Q

which of the following is NOT a branch of the aorta

A

pulmonary artery

33
Q

the diameter of the aorta in an adult is about

A

1 inch

34
Q

the most proximal portion (closest to the heart) of the aorta is the

A

ascending aorta

35
Q

which of the following is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk

A

right subclavian artery

36
Q

which artery enters the skull through the foramen magnum

A

vertebral

37
Q

the blood that flows to the left arm passes through the

A

left subclavian artery

38
Q

the right radial and ulnar arteries are branches of the

A

right brachial artery

39
Q

an important function of the circle of Willis is to

A

equalize blood pressure and supply alternate routes to the brain

40
Q

the part of the aorta that passes through the diaphragm is the

A

descending aorta

41
Q

the splenic artery supplies blood to the spleen and one of its branches supplies blood to the

A

pancreas

42
Q

the unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta are the

A

celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries

43
Q

the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum are supplied with blood through the

A

inferior mesenteric artery

44
Q

the abdominal aorta divides into the common iliac arteries at about the level of the

A

fourth lumbar vertebra

45
Q

From the femoral artery, blood flows into the _____ artery

A

popliteal

46
Q

the largest artery in the thigh is the

A

femoral artery

47
Q

the ____ arteries pass posterior to the inguinal ligament as they enter the thigh

A

external iliac

48
Q

the inferior vena cava is formed by the union of the two

A

common iliac veins

49
Q

the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae have foramina that allow passage of the

A

vertebral veins

50
Q

which vessels send blood to the left and right brachiocephalic veins

A

subclavian and internal jugular veins

51
Q

the basilic and brachial veins merge in the arm to form the

A

axillary vein

52
Q

when the axillary vein leaves the arm and enters the shoulder region it is renamed the

A

subclavian vein

53
Q

most of the tissues and organs in the thorax are drained by the

A

azygos system of veins

54
Q

what vessels bring blood to the IVC

A

renal and common iliac veins

55
Q

the hepatic portal veins bring blood from the GI tract to the

A

liver

56
Q

which vein of the hepatic portal system drains the small intestine, portions of the large intestine, stomach and pancreas

A

superior mesenteric vein

57
Q

the longest vein in the human body is the

A

great saphenous

58
Q

at the back of the knee, the anterior and posterior tibial and small saphenous veins drain blood into the

A

popliteal vein

59
Q

a thin, weakened section of the wall of a blood vessel that is prone to rupture is termed

A

aneurysm

60
Q

orthostatic hypotention occurs when a person

A

stands up

61
Q

by age 80, blood flow through the kidneys is __ less than in the same person at the age of 30

A

50 percent

Bio 40B (25 decks)

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