Ch 21 (Textbook Quiz)

Question 1

Blood reaches the cells that make up large blood vessels by way of tiny capillaries called the __ in the outer layer of the vessel

Answer 1

vasa vasorum

Question 2

Which type of blood vessel holds the smallest volume of blood

Answer 2

capillaries

Question 3

Elastic arteries can withstand the pressure of blood at ventricular systole because

Answer 3

elastic fibers allow the artery to expand with the pressure, then return to its original size and shape

Question 4

endothelium makes up the layer of the arteries called the

Answer 4

tunica interna

Question 5

the property of arteries that contributes to a pressure reserve is the

Answer 5

elastic recoil of the large arteries

Question 6

the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place only through the walls of

Answer 6

capillaries

Question 7

capillaries in which the basement membrane is incomplete or absent and have large spaces between the endothelial cells are called

Answer 7

sinusoids

Question 8

veins that contain valves are located mostly in the

Answer 8

limbs

Question 9

principal blood reservoirs are the

Answer 9

veins of the abdominal organs

Question 10

if your total blood volume is 5 liters, the volume in your veins and venules is

Answer 10

3 liters

Question 11

pressure against the walls of capillaries due to water in the blood is called

Answer 11

blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 12

at the venous end of capillaries, fluid moves from the interstitial spaces into the capillaries because:

Answer 12

the net filtration pressure at the venous end is higher than at the arterial end

Question 13

velocity of blood flow is fastest in the

Answer 13

aorta

Question 14

circulation time in an average resting human is about

Answer 14

one minute

Question 15

If CO rises due to an increase in stroke volume or heart rate, but resistance stays the same

Answer 15

blood pressure will increase

Question 16

If a tube is decreased to 1/2 its diameter, it will increase its resistance to fluid flow

Answer 16

16 times

Question 17

the most immediate result of increased muscle contraction and increased respiration would be

Answer 17

increased venous return to the heart

Question 18

because the pulmonary arteries have larger diameter, thinner walls, and less elastic tissue than systemic arteries

Answer 18

the resistance to blood flow is very low

Question 19

effector tissues regulated by the cardiovascular center are

Answer 19

heart muscle and blood vessel smooth muscles but not skeletal muscles

Question 20

sympathetic nerve impulses reach the heart via

Answer 20

cardiac accelerator nerves

Question 21

information on BP travels from the baroreceptors in the arch of the aorta to the cardiovascular center through the

Answer 21

vagus nerve

Question 22

because of the presence of beta adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscles of arterioles going to skeletal muscles and the heart, sympathetic stimulation causes

Answer 22

vasodilation and increase in blood flow to these tissues

Question 23

If blood pressure drops, a negative feedback mechanism causes

Answer 23

increase in HR, stroke volume, and vasoconstriction

Question 24

the principle stimulus for autoregulation of blood flow into the capillaries is

Answer 24

oxygen

Question 25

which of the following blood vessels is most often used to find arterial systolic pulse

Answer 25

radial artery

Question 26

if the BP reading on a patient is 142/95, the pulse pressure is

Answer 26

47 mm Hg

Question 27

a sign of shock is

Answer 27

hypotension

Question 28

shock becomes steadily worse and compensatory mechanisms are no longer adequate when the blood volume drops more than

Answer 28

10-20 percent

Question 29

blood is carried away from the heart by

Answer 29

systemic arteries

Question 30

which of the following carries oxygenated blood

Answer 30

pulmonary vein

Question 31

after the baby is born, the umbilical vein that passes through the liver constricts and becomes the:

Answer 31

ligamentum teres (round ligament)

Question 32

which of the following is NOT a branch of the aorta

Answer 32

pulmonary artery

Question 33

the diameter of the aorta in an adult is about

Answer 33

1 inch

Question 34

the most proximal portion (closest to the heart) of the aorta is the

Answer 34

ascending aorta

Question 35

which of the following is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 35

right subclavian artery

Question 36

which artery enters the skull through the foramen magnum

Answer 36

vertebral

Question 37

the blood that flows to the left arm passes through the

Answer 37

left subclavian artery

Question 38

the right radial and ulnar arteries are branches of the

Answer 38

right brachial artery

Question 39

an important function of the circle of Willis is to

Answer 39

equalize blood pressure and supply alternate routes to the brain

Question 40

the part of the aorta that passes through the diaphragm is the

Answer 40

descending aorta

Question 41

the splenic artery supplies blood to the spleen and one of its branches supplies blood to the

Answer 41

pancreas

Question 42

the unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta are the

Answer 42

celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries

Question 43

the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum are supplied with blood through the

Answer 43

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 44

the abdominal aorta divides into the common iliac arteries at about the level of the

Answer 44

fourth lumbar vertebra

Question 45

From the femoral artery, blood flows into the _____ artery

Answer 45

popliteal

Question 46

the largest artery in the thigh is the

Answer 46

femoral artery

Question 47

the ____ arteries pass posterior to the inguinal ligament as they enter the thigh

Answer 47

external iliac

Question 48

the inferior vena cava is formed by the union of the two

Answer 48

common iliac veins

Question 49

the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae have foramina that allow passage of the

Answer 49

vertebral veins

Question 50

which vessels send blood to the left and right brachiocephalic veins

Answer 50

subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 51

the basilic and brachial veins merge in the arm to form the

Answer 51

axillary vein

Question 52

when the axillary vein leaves the arm and enters the shoulder region it is renamed the

Answer 52

subclavian vein

Question 53

most of the tissues and organs in the thorax are drained by the

Answer 53

azygos system of veins

Question 54

what vessels bring blood to the IVC

Answer 54

renal and common iliac veins

Question 55

the hepatic portal veins bring blood from the GI tract to the

Answer 55

liver

Question 56

which vein of the hepatic portal system drains the small intestine, portions of the large intestine, stomach and pancreas

Answer 56

superior mesenteric vein

Question 57

the longest vein in the human body is the

Answer 57

great saphenous

Question 58

at the back of the knee, the anterior and posterior tibial and small saphenous veins drain blood into the

Answer 58

popliteal vein

Question 59

a thin, weakened section of the wall of a blood vessel that is prone to rupture is termed

Answer 59

aneurysm

Question 60

orthostatic hypotention occurs when a person

Answer 60

stands up

Question 61

by age 80, blood flow through the kidneys is __ less than in the same person at the age of 30

Answer 61

50 percent