Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

Question 1

purpose of spinal cord and spinal nerves

Answer 1

mediate reactions and environment changes

Question 2

several functions of the spinal cord

Answer 2

> processes reflexes
site for integration of EPSPs and IPSPs that arise locally or are triggered by nerve impulses from the periphery and brain
conduction pathway for sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses to effectorrs

Question 3

anatomy of spinal cord (protection)

Answer 3

meninges, vertebra, and cushion of CSF

Question 4

outermost layer of meninges of spinal cord

Answer 4

dura mater

Question 5

middle layer of meninges of spinal cord

Answer 5

arachnoid mater

Question 6

innermost layer of meninges of spinal cord

Answer 6

pia mater

Question 7

what part of the spinal cord carries the CSF

Answer 7

subarachnoid space

Question 8

spinal cord begins as a continuation of the ______ and terminates at about ___ in an adult

Answer 8

medulla oblangata; 2nd lumbar vertebrae

Question 9

tapered portion of the spinal cord is the conus medullaris, from which arise the ___ and ___

Answer 9

filum terminale and cauda equina

Question 10

how many pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 10

31 pairs

Question 11

what tracts conduct nerve impulses toward the brain

Answer 11

sensory (ascending) tracts

Question 12

what tracts conduct impulses down the cord

Answer 12

motor (descending) tracts

Question 13

how many pairs of cervical nerves

Answer 13

8 pairs

Question 14

how many pairs of thoracic nerves

Answer 14

12 pairs

Question 15

how many pairs of lumbar nerves

Answer 15

5 pairs

Question 16

how many pairs of sacral nerves

Answer 16

5 pairs

Question 17

how many pairs of coccygeal nerves

Answer 17

1 pair

Question 18

contains sensory nerve fibers and conducts nerve impulses from the periphery into the spinal cord

Answer 18

posterior or dorsal (sensory) root

Question 19

contains motor neuron axons and conducts impulses form the spinal cord to the periphery

Answer 19

anterior or ventral (motor) root

Question 20

single axon within an endoneurium

Answer 20

fiber

Question 21

bundle of fibers within a perineurium

Answer 21

fascicle

Question 22

bundle of fascicles within an epineurium

Answer 22

nerve

Question 23

what are the branches of a spinal nerve

Answer 23

dorsal ramus, meningeal branch, and rami communicates

Question 24

do not enter into the formation of plexuses and are known as intercostal or thoracic nerves

Answer 24

anterior rami of T2-T12

Question 25

supplies the skin and muscles of the head, neck and upper part of the shoulders; connects with some cranial nerves; and supplies the diaphragm

Answer 25

cervical plexus

Question 26

damage to the spinal cord above the origin of the phrenic nerves ___ causes respiratory arrest

Answer 26

C3-C5

Question 27

constitutes the nerve supply for the upper extremities and a number of neck and shoulder muscles

Answer 27

brachial plexus

Question 28

supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals, and part of the lower extremities

Answer 28

lumbar plexes

Question 29

largest nerve arising from the lumbar plexus is the

Answer 29

femoral nerve

Question 30

supplies the buttocks, perineum and part of the lower extremities

Answer 30

sacral plexus

Question 31

largest nerve arising from the sacral plexus (also the largest nerve in the body)

Answer 31

sciatic nerve

Question 32

highways for nerve impulse conduction to and from the brain

Answer 32

white matter

Question 33

receives and integrates incoming and outgoing info to perform reflexes

Answer 33

gray matter

Question 34

sensory info from receptors travels up the spinal cord to the brain along two main route

Answer 34

spinothalamic tracts and the posterior column tract

Question 35

motor info travels from the brain down the spinal cord to effectors along 2 types of descending tracts

Answer 35

direct pathways and indirect pathways

Question 36

fast, predictable, automatic response to changes in the environment that helps to maintain homeostasis

Answer 36

reflex

Question 37

5 functional components of a reflex arc

Answer 37

receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, integrating center neuron, and effector

Question 38

somatic spinal reflexes include

Answer 38

stretch reflex, tendon reflex, flexor reflex, crossed extensor reflex

Question 39

the spinal cord is held in place by the

Answer 39

filum terminale and denticulate ligaments

Question 40

dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of

Answer 40

sensory neurons

Question 41

what is true concerning the meninges

Answer 41

cover brain and spinal cord

Question 42

cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are found in which region of the spinal cord

Answer 42

anterior horn

Question 43

ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the region supplied by that nerve

Answer 43

loss of movement

Question 44

what is true concerning spinal nerves

Answer 44

posterior root contains sensory axons

Question 45

inferior to lumbar enlargement, spinal cord tapers to a conical portion called the

Answer 45

conus medullaris

Question 46

bundle of fibers located within the CNS is a

Answer 46

tract

Question 47

if you inserted a needle between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebra, you would probably hit the

Answer 47

cauda equina

Question 48

what branch of a spinal nerve forms the plexuses

Answer 48

ventral ramus

Question 49

spinal nerves are not part of the

Answer 49

CNS

Question 50

phrenic nerve arises from the __ plexus, and innervates the ___

Answer 50

cervical, diaphragm

Question 51

connective tissue sheath around a group of neuronal fibers is called the

Answer 51

perineurium