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Bio 40B > Brain & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

major parts of the brain

A

brain stem, diencephalon, cerebrum, and cerebellum

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2
Q

cranial meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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3
Q

3 extensions of the dura mater

A

falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli

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4
Q

acts as a selective barrier to prevent passages of many substances that are harmful to the brain

A

blood brain barrier

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5
Q

clear, colorless fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord against chemical and physical injuries and carries O2, glucose, and other needed chemicals from blood to neurons and neuroglia

A

CSF

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6
Q

where is CSF formed

A

choroid plexuses (found in ventricles)

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7
Q

parts of the brainstem

A

medulla oblangata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation

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8
Q

structures of the medulla oblangata

A

pyramids and the inferior olvary nucleus

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9
Q

functions of the medulla oblangata

A

regulation of HR, RR, vasocontriction, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, sneezing, and hiccuping

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10
Q

relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from cerebral cortex to cerebellum

A

pons

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11
Q

function of pons

A

plays a part in controlling respiration

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12
Q

structures of the midbrain

A

cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, substantia nigra, red nucleus, medial lemniscus

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13
Q

functions of the midbrain

A

conveys motor impulses from cerebrum to cerebellum and spinal cord, sends impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus, regulates auditory and visual reflexes

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14
Q

parts of the reticular formation

A

small area of gray matter interspersed among fibers of white matter and has both sensory and motor functions

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15
Q

functions of the reticular formation

A

helps regulate muscle tone, alerts the cortex to incoming sensory signals, responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening form sleep

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16
Q

parts of the cerebellum

A

2 hemispheres, and a central, constricted vermis

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17
Q

functions of the cerebellum

A

coordination of skeletal muscle contractions, maintenance of normal muscle tone, posture and balance

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18
Q

parts of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

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19
Q

functions of the thalamus

A

essential role in awareness and cognition

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20
Q

functions of the hypothalamus

A

one of major regulators of homeostasis
> regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns, regulates eating and drinking, aids in controlling body temp., regulates circadian rhythms and states of consciousness

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21
Q

____ secretes melatonin to influence diurnal cycles in conjuction with the hypothalamus

A

pineal gland

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22
Q

parts of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex, lobs, cerebral white matter, basal nuclei, limbic system

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23
Q

what separates the L and R hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

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24
Q

internal communication between hemispheres occurs via

A

corpus callosum

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25
Q

4 cerebral lobes

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

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26
Q

type of fiber that connect and transmit nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere

A

association fibers

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27
Q

type of fiber that connect gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to the corresponding gyri in the opposite hemisphere

A

commissural fibers

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28
Q

type of fiber that form ascending and descending tracts that transmit impulses from the cerebrum to other parts of the brain and spinal cord

A

projection fibers

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29
Q

function of the limbic system

A

emotional aspects of behavior and memory, associated with pleasure and pain

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30
Q

concerned with reception and interpretation of sensory impulses
primary somatosensory area, primary visual area, primary auditory area, primary gustatory area

A

sensory areas

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31
Q

regions that govern muscular movement
primary motor area and Broca’s speech area

A

motor areas

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32
Q

concerned with complex integrative functions such as memory, emotions, reasoning, will, judgement, personality traits, and intelligence
- somatosensory area, auditory association area, Wernicke’s area, common integrative area, premotor area, and language area

A

association areas

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33
Q

functional asymmetry of the hemispheres

A

hemispheric lateralization

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34
Q

responsible for R handed control, spoken and written language, and numerical and scientifically skills

A

left hemisphere

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35
Q

responsible for L hand control, musical and artistic awareness, space and pattern perception, insight, imagination and generating mental images of sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell

A

right hemisphere

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36
Q

types of brain waves

A

alpha, beta, theta, delta

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37
Q

how many cranial nerves

A

12 pairs

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38
Q

2 layers of cranial dura mater

A

periosteal layer and meningeal layer

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39
Q

how does CSF return to blood

A

superior saggital sinus

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40
Q

how does CSF drain

A

arachnoid villa

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41
Q

part of the circulation of CSF

A

lateral ventricle > interventricular foramen > 3rd ventricle > cerebral aqueduct > 2x lateral ventricles and 1x median aparture

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42
Q

describe the formation of circulation of CSF

A

created in the choroid plexus of ventricles and leak out through pathway and then pumped into and drain out through veins

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43
Q

name and function
CN I

A

olfactory nerve; smell

44
Q

name and function
CN II

A

optic nerve; sight

45
Q

name and function
CN III

A

ocularmotor (movement of eyes)

46
Q

name and function
CN IV

A

trochlear; movement of eye

47
Q

name and function
CN V

A

trigeminal; sensation of jaws, sensation around eyes

48
Q

name and function
CN VI

A

abducens; movement of eyes

49
Q

name and function
CN VII

A

facial; taste, tears (back of tongue)

50
Q

name and function
CN VIII

A

auditory or vestibular cochlear; hearing, controls balance

51
Q

name and function
CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal; front of tongue

52
Q

name and function
CN X

A

vagus nerve; ANS, controls most of internal organs

53
Q

name and function
CN XI

A

spinal accessory; trapezius muscles and neck muscles

54
Q

name and function
CN XII

A

hypoglossal; movement of tongue, speech

55
Q

the cranial meninges

A

cover the brain

56
Q

the most superior part of the brain

A

cerebrum

57
Q

blood-brain barrier is created by tight junction seals around brain capillaries formed by the

A

astrocytes

58
Q

CSF is produced by

A

the choroid plexuses

59
Q

the pyramids are located in the

A

medulla oblangata

60
Q

the cerebral aqueduct passes

A

through the midbrain

61
Q

the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers are located in the

A

pons

62
Q

the principal motor fibers that decussate in the medulla originate in the

A

cerebral cortex

63
Q

the region in the brain stem responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep is the

A

reticular activating system

64
Q

the arbor vitae is the white matter of the

A

cerebellum

65
Q

what is true concerning the transverse fissure

A

It separates the cerebrum and cerebellum and contains that tentorium cerebelli

66
Q

the part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscular movements and detect discrepances when movements are not being carried out correctly is the

A

cerebellum

67
Q

the region of the brain that helps to control equilibrium is the

A

cerebellum

68
Q

the principle relay station for sensory impulses as they pass to the cerebral cortex is the

A

thalamus

69
Q

the hypothalamus is located in the

A

diencephalon

70
Q

the corpus callosum is a bridge of __ tracts connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

A

commissural

71
Q

projection fibers connect

A

the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS

72
Q

the basal ganglia control

A

large automatic movements of the skeletal muscles

73
Q

the part of the limbic system that functions with the cerebrum in the process of memory is the

A

hippocampus

74
Q

if a patient is having difficulty seeing, you might expect problems with the

A

occipital cortex

75
Q

the primary motor area of the brain is in the

A

frontal cortex

76
Q

if Broca’s area of the cerebrum is damaged, the result is loss of

A

speech

77
Q

the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ___ lobe

A

parietal

78
Q

a region located on the medial aspect of the temporal love receives impulses relating to

A

smell

79
Q

the primary auditory area is located in the

A

temporal lobe

80
Q

the region of the cerebral cortex that allows you to determine the exact shape and texture of an object without looking at it is the

A

somatosensory association area

81
Q

which EEG brain waves indicate emotional stress

A

theta waves

82
Q

which of the following indicates the correct order in which cranial nerves originate from the base of the brain

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal

83
Q

loss of the sense of smell could result from injury to which cranial nerve

A

CN I

84
Q

a cranial nerve containing only sensory fibers is the

A

optic nerve

85
Q

the oculomotor nerve originates in the

A

midbrain

86
Q

the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves are branches of the

A

trigeminal nerve

87
Q

a portion of cranial nerve __ actually originates from the spinal nerve

A

CN XI (accessory nerve)

88
Q

the region in the brain responsible for awakening from sleep and maintaining consciousness is the

A

reticular activating system

89
Q

the primary somatosensory area is located in the ___ lobe

A

parietal lobe

90
Q

which region of the brain serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem

A

thalamus

91
Q

what is a primary function of the limbic system

A

emotions like fear and anger

92
Q

which part of the brain contains the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

A

diencephalon

93
Q

if a patient is having sudden difficulty with their vision, you might expect problems with the

A

occipital lobe

94
Q

which brain structure is responsible for visual and auditory reflexes

A

corpora quadregemina

95
Q

the pyramids are motor tracts located in the

A

medulla oblangata

96
Q

which of the following is a fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum

A

lateral ventricle

97
Q

part of the brain that passes through the midbrain

A

cerebral aqueduct

98
Q

which finger-like projections found in the dural venous sinuses reabsorb CSF

A

arachnoid villi

99
Q

which of the following are networks of capillaries that produce CSF and are found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain

A

choroid plexuses

100
Q

the primary motor area of the brain is in the

A

frontal cortex

101
Q

which extension/fold of the dura mater separates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

falx cerebri

102
Q

which eeg brain waves indicate deep sleep or brain damage

A

delta waves

103
Q

the arbor vitae is the white matter if the

A

cerebellum

104
Q

the corpus callosum is a bridge that connects the 2 halves of the

A

cerebrum

105
Q

which part of the brain contains the medulla, oblangata, pons and midbrain

A

brain stem

106
Q

what is true conerning the transverse fissure

A

separates the cerebrum and cerebellum

107
Q

the basal nuclei control

A

large automatic movements of the skeletal muscles

Bio 40B (25 decks)

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