The Heart Pt. 3

Question 1

Cardiac cycle consists of:

Answer 1

systole and diastole of both atria quickly followed by systole and diastole of both ventricles

Question 1

systole

Answer 1

contraction

Question 2

diastole

Answer 2

relaxation

Question 3

atrial systole

Answer 3

0.1 sec, atria contract

Question 4

ventricular systole

Answer 4

0.3 sec, ventricles contract

Question 5

relaxation period

Answer 5

0.4 sec, both the atria and ventricles are relaxed

Question 6

act of listening to sounds within the body

Answer 6

auscultation

Question 7

where does the sound of a heartbeat primarily come from

Answer 7

the turbulence in blood flow caused by closure of the valves, not from the contraction of the heart muscle

Question 8

lub

Answer 8

1st heart sound

Question 9

1st heart sound created by

Answer 9

blood turbulence associated with the closing of the AV valves soon after ventricular systole begins

Question 10

dub

Answer 10

2nd heart sound

Question 11

2nd heart sound was created by

Answer 11

closing of the semilunar valves close to the end of the ventricular systole

Question 12

volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle (or right ventricle) into the aorta (or pulmonary trunk) each minute

Answer 12

cardiac output (CO)

Question 13

equation for cardiac output

Answer 13

CO (mL/min) = SV (mL/beat) x HR (beats/min)

Question 14

ratio between the maximum cardiac output a person can achieve and the cardiac output at rest

Answer 14

cardiac reserve

Question 15

3 factors for regulation of stroke volume

Answer 15

1) preload
2) contractility
3) afterload

Question 16

degree of stretch in the heart before it contracts

Answer 16

preload

Question 17

the forcefulness of contraction of individual ventricular muscle fibers

Answer 17

contractility

Question 18

pressure that must be exceeded if ejection of blood from the ventricles is to occur

Answer 18

afterload

Question 19

a greater preload (stretch) on cardiac muscle fibers just before they contract increases their force of contraction during systole

Answer 19

Frank-Starling Law of the heart

Question 20

effect of the Frank-Starling Law

Answer 20

equalizes the output of the R and L ventricles and keeps the same volume of blood flowing to both the systemic and pulmonary circulations

Question 21

body’s principal mechanism of short-term control over cardiac output and blood pressure

Answer 21

changing heart rate

Question 22

2 types of regulation of the heart rate

Answer 22

autonomic regulation and chemical regulation

Question 23

where is the cardiovascular center located

Answer 23

medulla oblangata

Question 24

what receptors monitor factors that influence the heart rate

Answer 24

proprioceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors

Question 25

effect of sympathetic impulses

Answer 25

increase heart rate and force of contraction

Question 26

effect of parasympathetic impulses

Answer 26

decrease heart rate

Question 27

what are some of the chemicals that affect heart rate

Answer 27

hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormones) and ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+)

Question 28

other factors that regulate heart rate

Answer 28

> ANS > hormones > ions > age > gender > physical fitness > temperature