Nervous Tissue

Question 1

functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

helps maintain homeostasis, responsible for all behaviors, memories and movements

Question 2

parts of the CNS

Answer 2

brain + spinal cord

Question 3

parts of the PNS

Answer 3

nerves w/ sensory and motor components, ganglia and sensory receptors

Question 4

different branches of the PNS

Answer 4

somatic NS, autonomic NS, enteric NS

Question 5

somatic NS

Answer 5

skeletal, voluntary

Question 6

autonomic NS

Answer 6

visceral organs, smooth muscle tissues, involuntary; sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

Question 7

enteric NS

Answer 7

GI tract

Question 8

3 functions of the NS

Answer 8

sensation, integration, motor output

Question 9

most neurons have

Answer 9

dendrites, cell body, axon

Question 10

what part of the neuron receive info

Answer 10

dendrites

Question 11

what part of the neuron conducts nerve impulses

Answer 11

axons

Question 12

site of functional contact between 2 neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell

Answer 12

synapse

Question 13

3 classifications of neurons

Answer 13

multipolar, bipolar or unipolar

Question 14

most neurons are what

Answer 14

interneurons

Question 15

on the basis of function, neurons are classified

Answer 15

sensory, association, and motor

Question 16

___ support neurons, attach neurons to blood vessels, produce the myelin sheath around axons and carry out phagocytosis

Answer 16

neuroglia

Question 17

4 types of CNS neuroglia

Answer 17

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells

Question 18

function of astrocytes

Answer 18

microfilaments for strength, blood brain barrier, regulate growth, maintain chemical environments

Question 19

functions of oligodendrocytes

Answer 19

myelin sheath

Question 20

function of microglial cells

Answer 20

phagocytes

Question 21

function of ependymal cells

Answer 21

circulate CSF

Question 22

2 types of PNS neuroglia

Answer 22

schwann cells and satellite cells

Question 23

function of schwann cells

Answer 23

myelin sheath

Question 24

function of satellite cells

Answer 24

exchange material between neuron cell bodies and interstitial fluid

Question 25

what are the pros of myelination, myelin sheaths

Answer 25

insulates the axon, inc. speed of nerve impulse conduction

Question 26

only found around axons in PNS

Answer 26

neurolemma

Question 27

aids in regeneration in an injured axon by formin a regeneration tube that guides and stimulate regrowth of the axon

Answer 27

neurolemma

Question 28

myelin sheath has gaps aka ___

Answer 28

neurofibril nodes aka nodes of Ranvier

Question 29

cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 29

ganglia

Question 30

cluster of cell bodies in the CNS

Answer 30

nuclei

Question 31

nerves are located in the ___

Answer 31

PNS

Question 32

tracts are located in the ___

Answer 32

CNS

Question 33

composed of large masses of myelinated axons

Answer 33

white matter

Question 34

contains nerve cell body, dendrites or bundles of unmyelinated axons

Answer 34

gray matter

Question 35

___ allow communication over short and long distances

Answer 35

action potentials

Question 36

____ allow communication over short distances only

Answer 36

graded potentials

Question 37

types of ion channels

Answer 37

leakage (nongated), and gated

Question 38

types of gated channels

Answer 38

voltage-gated, ligand-gated, mechanically gated

Question 39

type of channel that respond to voltage changes, ligands, and mechanical pressure

Answer 39

gated ion

Question 40

channels that respond to a direct change in the membrane potential

Answer 40

voltage-gated

Question 41

channels that responds to a specific chemical stimulus

Answer 41

ligand-gated

Question 42

channels that respond to mechanical vibration or pressure

Answer 42

mechanically gated

Question 43

factors that determines resting membrane potential

Answer 43

> unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane and the selective permeability of the membrane to Na+ and K+ > most anions cannot leave the interior of the cell > Na+-K+ pumps: 3Na+ and 2K+ in

Question 44

small deviation from resting membrane potential that makes the membrane either more polarized or less polarized

Answer 44

graded potential

Question 45

more polarized

Answer 45

hyperpolarization

Question 46

less polarized

Answer 46

depolarization

Question 47

does NOT generate AP

Answer 47

subthreshold

Question 48

generates AP

Answer 48

threshold

Question 49

generates AP and possibly more than one AP

Answer 49

suprathreshold

Question 50

step-by-step depolarization of each adjacent area of the plasma membrane is called

Answer 50

continuous conduction

Question 51

in myelinated axons, the nerve impulse jumps from node to node

Answer 51

saltatory conduction

Question 52

only one-way info transfer from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron

Answer 52

chemical synapses

Question 53

allow faster communication and can synchronize the activity of a group of neurons or muscle fibers

Answer 53

electrical synapses

Question 54

what is a type of channel that creates electrical signals in neurons

Answer 54

voltage-gated Na+ channel, ligand-gated channel, mechanically gated channel

Question 55

an inhibitory postsynaptic potential ___ the postsynaptic membrane

Answer 55

hyperpolarizes

Question 56

which of these is true about saltatory conduction

Answer 56

causes action potentials to travel faster along an axon

Question 57

a depolarizing graded potential

Answer 57

makes the membrane voltage less negative

Question 58

what is a characteristic of unmyelinated fibers

Answer 58

continuous conduction

Question 59

which type of neuroglial cells is found supporting neuron cell bodies inside of ganglia

Answer 59

satellite cells

Question 60

which ions are rapidly moving into the cell during the depolarization period of an action potential

Answer 60

sodium

Question 61

most neurons are classified as

Answer 61

multipolar

Question 62

a neurotransmitter that can bind to different types of receptors and cause either IPSP or EPSP

Answer 62

AcH

Question 63

what is the function of Nissl bodies

Answer 63

protein production

Question 64

a small deviation from the resting membrane potential that occurs because ligand-gated or mechanically-gated channels open or close

Answer 64

graded potential

Question 65

at an electrical synapse, action potentials conduct directly between adjacent cells through

Answer 65

gap junctions

Question 66

which cells are ciliated and produce CSF

Answer 66

ependymal cells

Question 67

when the sum of postsynaptic potentials rises above the threshold potential, then creation of action potentials begins in the

Answer 67

axon hillock

Question 68

a postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters from a presynaptic neuron by creating

Answer 68

either EPSPs or IPSPs

Question 69

when a graded potential makes the axon membrane reach the threshold potential

Answer 69

voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly

Question 70

in a resting nerve fiber, the concentration of

Answer 70

Na+ is higher on the outside and K+ is higher on the inside

Question 71

which division of the NS controls skeletal muscles

Answer 71

somatic nervous system

Question 72

this type of nervous tissue contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals and neuroglial cells

Answer 72

gray matter

Question 73

this type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon connected to the cell body

Answer 73

bipolar neurons