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Bio 40B > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

functions of the nervous system

A

helps maintain homeostasis, responsible for all behaviors, memories and movements

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2
Q

parts of the CNS

A

brain + spinal cord

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3
Q

parts of the PNS

A

nerves w/ sensory and motor components, ganglia and sensory receptors

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4
Q

different branches of the PNS

A

somatic NS, autonomic NS, enteric NS

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5
Q

somatic NS

A

skeletal, voluntary

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6
Q

autonomic NS

A

visceral organs, smooth muscle tissues, involuntary; sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

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7
Q

enteric NS

A

GI tract

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8
Q

3 functions of the NS

A

sensation, integration, motor output

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9
Q

most neurons have

A

dendrites, cell body, axon

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10
Q

what part of the neuron receive info

A

dendrites

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11
Q

what part of the neuron conducts nerve impulses

A

axons

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12
Q

site of functional contact between 2 neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell

A

synapse

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13
Q

3 classifications of neurons

A

multipolar, bipolar or unipolar

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14
Q

most neurons are what

A

interneurons

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15
Q

on the basis of function, neurons are classified

A

sensory, association, and motor

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16
Q

___ support neurons, attach neurons to blood vessels, produce the myelin sheath around axons and carry out phagocytosis

A

neuroglia

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17
Q

4 types of CNS neuroglia

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells

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18
Q

function of astrocytes

A

microfilaments for strength, blood brain barrier, regulate growth, maintain chemical environments

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19
Q

functions of oligodendrocytes

A

myelin sheath

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20
Q

function of microglial cells

A

phagocytes

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21
Q

function of ependymal cells

A

circulate CSF

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22
Q

2 types of PNS neuroglia

A

schwann cells and satellite cells

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23
Q

function of schwann cells

A

myelin sheath

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24
Q

function of satellite cells

A

exchange material between neuron cell bodies and interstitial fluid

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25
Q

what are the pros of myelination, myelin sheaths

A

insulates the axon, inc. speed of nerve impulse conduction

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26
Q

only found around axons in PNS

A

neurolemma

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27
Q

aids in regeneration in an injured axon by formin a regeneration tube that guides and stimulate regrowth of the axon

A

neurolemma

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28
Q

myelin sheath has gaps aka ___

A

neurofibril nodes aka nodes of Ranvier

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29
Q

cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglia

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30
Q

cluster of cell bodies in the CNS

A

nuclei

31
Q

nerves are located in the ___

A

PNS

32
Q

tracts are located in the ___

A

CNS

33
Q

composed of large masses of myelinated axons

A

white matter

34
Q

contains nerve cell body, dendrites or bundles of unmyelinated axons

A

gray matter

35
Q

___ allow communication over short and long distances

A

action potentials

36
Q

____ allow communication over short distances only

A

graded potentials

37
Q

types of ion channels

A

leakage (nongated), and gated

38
Q

types of gated channels

A

voltage-gated, ligand-gated, mechanically gated

39
Q

type of channel that respond to voltage changes, ligands, and mechanical pressure

A

gated ion

40
Q

channels that respond to a direct change in the membrane potential

A

voltage-gated

41
Q

channels that responds to a specific chemical stimulus

A

ligand-gated

42
Q

channels that respond to mechanical vibration or pressure

A

mechanically gated

43
Q

factors that determines resting membrane potential

A

> unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane and the selective permeability of the membrane to Na+ and K+
most anions cannot leave the interior of the cell
Na+-K+ pumps: 3Na+ and 2K+ in

44
Q

small deviation from resting membrane potential that makes the membrane either more polarized or less polarized

A

graded potential

45
Q

more polarized

A

hyperpolarization

46
Q

less polarized

A

depolarization

47
Q

does NOT generate AP

A

subthreshold

48
Q

generates AP

A

threshold

49
Q

generates AP and possibly more than one AP

A

suprathreshold

50
Q

step-by-step depolarization of each adjacent area of the plasma membrane is called

A

continuous conduction

51
Q

in myelinated axons, the nerve impulse jumps from node to node

A

saltatory conduction

52
Q

only one-way info transfer from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron

A

chemical synapses

53
Q

allow faster communication and can synchronize the activity of a group of neurons or muscle fibers

A

electrical synapses

54
Q

what is a type of channel that creates electrical signals in neurons

A

voltage-gated Na+ channel, ligand-gated channel, mechanically gated channel

55
Q

an inhibitory postsynaptic potential ___ the postsynaptic membrane

A

hyperpolarizes

56
Q

which of these is true about saltatory conduction

A

causes action potentials to travel faster along an axon

57
Q

a depolarizing graded potential

A

makes the membrane voltage less negative

58
Q

what is a characteristic of unmyelinated fibers

A

continuous conduction

59
Q

which type of neuroglial cells is found supporting neuron cell bodies inside of ganglia

A

satellite cells

60
Q

which ions are rapidly moving into the cell during the depolarization period of an action potential

A

sodium

61
Q

most neurons are classified as

A

multipolar

62
Q

a neurotransmitter that can bind to different types of receptors and cause either IPSP or EPSP

A

AcH

63
Q

what is the function of Nissl bodies

A

protein production

64
Q

a small deviation from the resting membrane potential that occurs because ligand-gated or mechanically-gated channels open or close

A

graded potential

65
Q

at an electrical synapse, action potentials conduct directly between adjacent cells through

A

gap junctions

66
Q

which cells are ciliated and produce CSF

A

ependymal cells

67
Q

when the sum of postsynaptic potentials rises above the threshold potential, then creation of action potentials begins in the

A

axon hillock

68
Q

a postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters from a presynaptic neuron by creating

A

either EPSPs or IPSPs

69
Q

when a graded potential makes the axon membrane reach the threshold potential

A

voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly

70
Q

in a resting nerve fiber, the concentration of

A

Na+ is higher on the outside and K+ is higher on the inside

71
Q

which division of the NS controls skeletal muscles

A

somatic nervous system

72
Q

this type of nervous tissue contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals and neuroglial cells

A

gray matter

73
Q

this type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon connected to the cell body

A

bipolar neurons

Bio 40B (25 decks)

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