The heart Flashcards
What is the equation for cardiac output (Litres/min)
Stroke volume (Litres/beat) x heart rate (beat/min)
Where does de-oxygenated blood enter the heart from
Vena cava
Where does the pulmonary artery lead
To the lungs
Where does oxygenated blood enter form
The pulmonary vein
Where does the Aorta lead to
The rest of the body
What are the top two parts of the heart called
Right atrium left atrium
What are the bottom two parts of the heart called
Right ventricle left ventricle
What is the name of the section in the middle that divides the two sides of the heart
Septum
What is cellular respiration
A series of chemical reactions that release energy from glucose (exothermic)
what is the main type of cellular respiration
Aerobic respiration
What is the role of the circularity system in cellular respiration
Carries oxygen and glucose
What is in plasma
Dissolved glucose, urea and oxygen
What is the purpose of the red blood cells
Haemoglobin binds to oxygen and carries it around body
What shape is a red blood cell
Biconcave
What is the role of the vein
Takes blood to the heart at a low pressure, has thin flexible walls and a wide lumen
What is the role of the artery
takes blood away from the heart, at a high pressure, has thick muscular walls and a narrow lumen
What is the role of the two types of white blood cells
Phagocyte = Surrounds and digests cells
Lymphocyte = Produces antibodies
What is the role of Platelets in the body
Tiny fragments of cells that produce substances needed for blood to clot (Stops infections)
What is a heart attack
It is when blood stops flowing to muscles in the heart
Why is the left side of the heart thicker and more muscluar
left side has to work harder as it has to pump oxygenated blood around the whole body instead of just the lungs
What is a valve
Structures in the veins that prevent blood from flowing backwards
Explain one reason why there is an increase in blood flow to muscles
during exercise.
because (during exercise muscles) require more
{oxygen / glucose} (1)
* for respiration / to release energy (1)
Describe how this blood flows through the heart and lungs to leave the heart
through the aorta.
Blood flows from vena cava into the right atrium
* Into the right ventricle
* Through valve
* And is pumped into the pulmonary artery
* Through valve to the lungs
* From the lungs back to the heart through the pulmonary
vein
* Into the left atrium
* Into the left ventricle
* Through valve
* And is pumped into the aorta
* Through valve
* valves prevent backflow
