Parts of a cell Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of a nucleus

A

Controls cell, Stores DNA

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2
Q

What is the purpose of a cell membrane

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell

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3
Q

What is the purpose of a Cytoplasm

A

Is where chemical reactions happen

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a Ribosome

A

To make protein

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5
Q

What is the purpose of a mitochondria

A

aerobic respiration and realises energy

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6
Q

What is the purpose of chloroplasts

A

photosnthesis

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7
Q

Examples of Specialised cells

A

Sperm cells, Egg cells, Red blood cells, Root hair cells….

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8
Q

What are the features of a bacterial cell

A

Chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA, Flagella, Cell wall

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9
Q

How do we transfer genes from one organism to another

A

cut a section of DNA out of a gene, insert that isolated section into a vector (placid), introduce vector to organism, organism starts producing same genes

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10
Q

Describe how a prokaryotic cell is different

A

No nuclei, No vacuole, No chloroplast, No mitochondria

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11
Q

Why do we use the three kingdoms

A

allows for easier genetic analysis

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12
Q

How are Ciliated epithelial cells adapted to their function

A

Ciliated epithelial cells have cilia (which are hair-like structures) on the top surface of the cell. These cells move substances in one direction.

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13
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) lack a nuclear envelope; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus in which the genetic material is separated from the cytoplasm.

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14
Q

What are stem cells

A

Stem cells are cells that have not undergone differentiation. A cell which has not yet become
specialised is called undifferentiated.

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15
Q

Where can adult stem cells be found

A

brain
eyes
blood
heart
liver
bone marrow
skin
muscle

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16
Q

Explain how the human insulin gene can be inserted into a plasmid.

A

cut the gene (from the
genome) using restriction
enzymes (1)
* cut the plasmid with a
restriction enzyme (1)
* to leave {complementary /
matching} sticky ends (1)
* join the DNA using ligase (1)