The Gut Tube

Question 1

What are the 4 primary functions of the gut tube?

Answer 1

1) Transport food through the gut tube by way of peristalsis.
2) Physical breakdown of food into smaller components by way of rhythmic contractions by gut musculature.
3) Chemical breakdown of complex compounds by enzymes released into the gut tube.
4) Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Question 2

What are the primary functions of the stomach and small intestines?

Answer 2

Breakdown of food, and absorption of nutrients.

Question 3

What are the primary functions of the large intestine and rectum?

Answer 3

Water reabsorption and waste expulsion.

Question 4

What organs are contained within the gut tube?

Answer 4

Stomach, Small Intestine, and Large intestine.

Question 5

The expanded part of the gut tube between the esophagus and duodenum.

Answer 5

Stomach.

Question 6

Consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; functions mainly in the chemical breakdown of food and its subsequent absorption into the bloodstream.

Answer 6

Small intestine.

Question 7

Where do the veins of the small intestine transport nutrients?

Answer 7

Liver.

Question 8

Receives its name because of its large luminal diameter. Absorbs water and vitamins and houses numerous bacteria.

Answer 8

Large Intestine (Colon).

Question 9

How are the regions of the gut tube determined?

Answer 9

The arterial supply.

Question 10

What are the regions of the gut tube?

Answer 10

Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut.

Question 11

Supplied primarily by the celiac trunk. This region of the gut tube extends from the distal end of the esophagus to the proximal half of the duodenum.

Answer 11

Foregut.

Question 12

Supplied primarily by the superior mesenteric artery. This region of the gut extends from the distal half of the duodenum to the splenic flexure of the colon.

Answer 12

Midgut.

Question 13

Supplied primarily by the inferior mesenteric artery. This region of the gut extends from the splenic flexure of the colon to the rectum.

Answer 13

Hindgut.

Question 14

How does the blood in the abdomen drains back to the heart?

Answer 14

Caval drainage and portal drainage.

Question 15

Venous blood that is returned to the heart from the anterior and posterior abdominal walls and the retroperitoneal organs via the inferior and superior vena cava.

Answer 15

Caval drainage.

Question 16

Inferior epigastric veins return blood to the heart via the ______ ___ ___.

Answer 16

Inferior vena cava.

Question 17

Intercostal veins return blood to the heart via the _____ ___ ___.

Answer 17

Superior vena cava.

Question 18

Lumbar veins return blood to the heart directly via the _____ ___ ___ or indirectly via the _____ ___ ___.

Answer 18

Inferior vena cava, Superior vena cava.

Question 19

Venous blood from the gut tube reaches the inferior vena cava after coursing through the liver.

Answer 19

Portal drainage.

Question 20

Venous blood from the gut tube and its derivatives return to the heart via _____ ____ ___.

Answer 20

Hepatic portal vein.

Question 21

Branches from the gastric and splenic veins to the portal vein.

Answer 21

Foregut portal drainage.

Question 22

Branches from the superior mesenteric vein to the portal vein.

Answer 22

Midgut portal drainage.

Question 23

Branches from the inferior mesenteric vein to the portal vein.

Answer 23

Hindgut portal drainage.

Question 24

Sympathetics from the greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9). Parasympathetics from the vagus nerve.

Answer 24

Foregut innervation.

Question 25

Sympathetics from the lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11). Parasympathetics from the vagus nerve.

Answer 25

Midgut innervation.

Question 26

Sympathetics from the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves. Parasympathetics from the pelvic splanchnics. (S2-S4 spinal cord levels).

Answer 26

Hindgut innervation.