The Gut Tube Flashcards
What are the 4 primary functions of the gut tube?
1) Transport food through the gut tube by way of peristalsis.
2) Physical breakdown of food into smaller components by way of rhythmic contractions by gut musculature.
3) Chemical breakdown of complex compounds by enzymes released into the gut tube.
4) Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
What are the primary functions of the stomach and small intestines?
Breakdown of food, and absorption of nutrients.
What are the primary functions of the large intestine and rectum?
Water reabsorption and waste expulsion.
What organs are contained within the gut tube?
Stomach, Small Intestine, and Large intestine.
The expanded part of the gut tube between the esophagus and duodenum.
Stomach.
Consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; functions mainly in the chemical breakdown of food and its subsequent absorption into the bloodstream.
Small intestine.
Where do the veins of the small intestine transport nutrients?
Liver.
Receives its name because of its large luminal diameter. Absorbs water and vitamins and houses numerous bacteria.
Large Intestine (Colon).
How are the regions of the gut tube determined?
The arterial supply.
What are the regions of the gut tube?
Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut.
Supplied primarily by the celiac trunk. This region of the gut tube extends from the distal end of the esophagus to the proximal half of the duodenum.
Foregut.
Supplied primarily by the superior mesenteric artery. This region of the gut extends from the distal half of the duodenum to the splenic flexure of the colon.
Midgut.
Supplied primarily by the inferior mesenteric artery. This region of the gut extends from the splenic flexure of the colon to the rectum.
Hindgut.
How does the blood in the abdomen drains back to the heart?
Caval drainage and portal drainage.
Venous blood that is returned to the heart from the anterior and posterior abdominal walls and the retroperitoneal organs via the inferior and superior vena cava.
Caval drainage.
Inferior epigastric veins return blood to the heart via the ______ ___ ___.
Inferior vena cava.
Intercostal veins return blood to the heart via the _____ ___ ___.
Superior vena cava.
Lumbar veins return blood to the heart directly via the _____ ___ ___ or indirectly via the _____ ___ ___.
Inferior vena cava, Superior vena cava.
Venous blood from the gut tube reaches the inferior vena cava after coursing through the liver.
Portal drainage.
Venous blood from the gut tube and its derivatives return to the heart via _____ ____ ___.
Hepatic portal vein.
Branches from the gastric and splenic veins to the portal vein.
Foregut portal drainage.
Branches from the superior mesenteric vein to the portal vein.
Midgut portal drainage.
Branches from the inferior mesenteric vein to the portal vein.
Hindgut portal drainage.
Sympathetics from the greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9). Parasympathetics from the vagus nerve.
Foregut innervation.
Sympathetics from the lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11). Parasympathetics from the vagus nerve.
Midgut innervation.
Sympathetics from the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves. Parasympathetics from the pelvic splanchnics. (S2-S4 spinal cord levels).
Hindgut innervation.
