Anterior Abdominal Wall Muscles

Question 1

What are the name of the 5 bilaterally paired anterior abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 1

External Obliques, Internal Obliques, Transverse Abdominis, Rectus Abdominis, and Pyramidalis muscles.

Question 2

What are the origins of the external obliques?

Answer 2

The lower ribs and the iliac crest.

Question 3

What does the external obliques course into anteriorly?

Answer 3

External oblique aponeurosis.

Question 4

What muscle lies posterior to the external oblique aponeurosis?

Answer 4

Rectus abdominis muscle.

Question 5

Where do the external obliques insert at?

Answer 5

Linea alba.

Question 6

The inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis, between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle, is called the ______ ________.

Answer 6

Inguinal ligament.

Question 7

What are the origins of the internal oblique muscles?

Answer 7

Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and the lower ribs.

Question 8

What does the internal obliques course into anteriorly?

Answer 8

Internal oblique aponeurosis.

Question 9

What muscle splits the internal oblique aponeurosis around it?

Answer 9

Rectus abdominis.

Question 10

Where do the internal oblique muscles insert into?

Answer 10

Linea alba. Inferiorly with the pubic crest, and pectineal line.

Question 11

What are the origins of the transverse abdominis muscles?

Answer 11

Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and the costal cartilage of the lower ribs.

Question 12

What does the transverse abdominis’ course into anteriorly?

Answer 12

Transverse abdominis aponeurosis.

Question 13

True or false; the transverse abdominis aponeurosis courses deep to the rectus abdominis?

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

Where do the transverse abdominis muscles insert into?

Answer 14

Linea alba, pubic crest, and the pectineal line.

Question 15

The ________ _______ muscle is a vertical strap muscle of the anterior abdominal wall.

Answer 15

Rectus abdominis.

Question 16

What are the origins of the rectus abdominis superiorly?

Answer 16

Xiphoid process and lower costal cartilage.

Question 17

What are the origins of the rectus abdominis inferiorly?

Answer 17

Pubic bone and pubic symphysis.

Question 18

What is the rectus sheath?

Answer 18

Formed by the external, and internal oblique aponeurosis, and the transverse abdominis aponeurosis.

Question 19

Does the rectus sheath completely enclose the rectus abdominis?

Answer 19

No, the rectus sheath only enclose the superior 3/4 of rectus abdominis muscle, and the anterior surface of the inferior 1/4 of the rectus abdominis muscle.

Question 20

A vertical midline fascia that separates the paired rectus abdominis muscles and is formed by the fusion of the three pairs of aponeuroses of the anterior abdominal muscles.

Answer 20

Linea alba.

Question 21

A horizontal line between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis that delineates the lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath.

Answer 21

Arcuate line.

Question 22

Small, triangular-shaped muscle, anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle.

Answer 22

Pyramidalis muscle.

Question 23

What is the origin of the pyramidalis muscles?

Answer 23

Linea alba.

Question 24

What is the insertion of the pyramidalis muscles?

Answer 24

Pubic bone.

Question 25

What is the Valsalva maneuver?

Answer 25

Forcibly exhaling against a closed airway, which increases intra-abdominal pressure.

Question 26

What are the 3 deep fascial layers posterior to the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 26

Transversalis fascia, Extraperitoneal fat, and Parietal peritoneum.

Question 27

A thin, aponeurotic membrane deep to the transverse abdominis muscles.

Answer 27

Transversalis fascia.

Question 28

A thin layer of connective tissue and fat lining the abdominal wall between the transversalis fascia and the parietal peritoneum.

Answer 28

Extraperitoneal fat.

Question 29

Serous membrane lining the internal surface of the abdominal wall.

Answer 29

Parietal peritoneum.

Question 30

During a C-section from skin to uterus, what in order is the surgeon cutting through?

Answer 30

Skin, Camper’s Fascia, Scarpa’s Fascia, Rectus sheath, pyramidalis muscle, rectus abdominis muscle, transversalis fascia, extrapertioneal fat, and finally parietal peritoneum.