The First Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Bubonic Plauge
- Otherwise known as the black death
- Symptoms:
- Feel bad
- Buba
- Growth in lymph nodes
Cholera
- From unclean water
- Symptoms: Dehydration because of dystentary
Historical Significance of the Industrial Revolution
- Industrial Revolution changed human life drastically
- More was created int he last 250+ years than in the previous 2500+ years of known human history
What was the Industrial revolution?
- The industrial revolution refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the 1700s
The Industrial Revolution
- Machines were invented which replaced human labor
- New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery- water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene)
- Increased use of metals and minerals
- Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, ect.
- Transportation improved
- Ships
-Wooden ships -> Iron ships -> Steel ships - Wind- powered sails -> Steam-powered boilers
- Ships
- Trains
- Automobiles
- Communication improved
- Telegraph
- Telephone
- Radio
Britain Takes The lead in first industrial revolution because:
- Plentiful iron and coal
- A navigatable river system
- Colonies that supplied raw materials and bought finished goods
- A government that encouraged improvements in transportation and used its navy to protect British trade
Development of the Domestic System of Production
- Domestic system developed in England
- Late 1600s- late 1800s
- Domestic system could not keep up with demand
Background of the Industrial Revolution
- Scientific Revolution
- Intellectual Revolution
Agriculture Revolution
- Landowners experimented in their enclosures
- Seed drill
- Crop rotation
- Livestock breeding
Intellectual Revolution
- Encouraged learning and the search for better and newer ways of doing things
The Threshing Machine
- Machine that threshes weat
Crop Rotation
- Grow different crops to replenish nitrogen
When was the first industrial revolution?
1700s-1800s
Enclosures
Larger land feilds where people expieremented for greater production
How did the seed drill improve farming?
“It allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths. Thus, more seeds took root, boosting crop yields.”
What are some examples of how the agricultural revolution changed the physical environment?
- Deforestation
- A change in powers of landholding
Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England
In addition to a large population of workers, the small island country had extensive natural resources that were a result of its physical geography. Because of these resources, the agricultural revolution gave way to the Industrial Revolution.
Industrialization
which is the process of developing machine production of goods, required such natural resources as
water power and coal to fuel the new machines
• iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings
• rivers for inland transportation
• harbors from which merchant ships set sail
Why was the Factory System developed?
- Developed to replace the domestic system of production, it was a faster method of production
Factory system
- Workers concentrated in a set location
- Production anticipated demand
For example: Under the domestic system, a woman might select fabric and have a businessperson give it to a home-based worker to make it into a dress. Under the factory system. The factory owner bought large lots of popular fabrics and had workers create multiple dresses in common sizes, anticipating that women would buy them.
Domestic system methods
- hand tools
Domestic system location
home
Domestic system ownership and kinds of tools
Small hand tools owned by worker
Domestic System production output
-Small level of production
- Sold only to local market
- Manufactured on a per-ordered basis
- Worker manufactured entire item
- Worker worked as much as she or he would and could according to demand
Domestic system nature of work done by worker
- Worker manufactured entire item
Domestic system hours of work
- Worker worked as much as he/she would and could, according to demand
Domestic system worker dependence on employer
- Worker had multiple sources of sustence0 other employers, own garden or far, and outside farm labor
Factory system methods
- machines
Location
- Factory
Ownership and kinds of tool in factory system
- Large power driven machines owned by the capatilist
Production output
- Large level of production
- Sold to a worldwide market
- Manufactured in anticipation of demand
Factory system nature of work done by worker
- Worker typically made one part of the larger whole
- Henry Ford’s assembly line (early 20th century() kept workers stationary
Factory System Hours of Work
-worker worked set daily hours
Factory system Worker dependence on employer
- Worker relied entirely on capitalist for his.her income- urban living made personal farming and gardening impractical
Why the Industrial Revolution started in england
- Capital for investing in the means of production
- Colonies and markets for manufactured goods
- Raw materials for production
- Workers
- Merchant marine
- Geography
England’s Resources: Capital
- merchants had the capital to invest in the factory system money to buy buildings, machinery and raw materials
- Its colonies gave England access to enormous markets and vast amounts of raw materials
- possesed the necessary raw materials to create the means of production (coal, iron)
- English people could freely travel from the countryside to the cities
- World’s largest merchant fleet
England Resources Geography
- England is the political center of Great Britain, an isand
- Great Britain did not suffer fighting on its land during the wars of the 18th century
- Island has excellent harbors and ports
- Damp climate benefited the textile industry (thread did not dry out)
- Government stable
- No internal trade barriers
Inventions Spur Industrialization
- Weavers work faster- flying shuttles/spinning jennies
Water frame uses H20 to drive spinning whells - Power loom- Spinning mules sped up production
- Move machinery to factories
Necessity is the mother of invention
Spinning machine -> need to spped up weaving -> Power loom created
Cotton gin => demands for stronger iron -> Improvments in iron smelting and the development of steel (EBessmer process)
As more steam- powered machines were built, factories needed more coal to create this system
Mining methods improved to meet the demand for more coal
