Industrialiation in Continental Europe 1815-1900

Question 1

Which country was industrializing fastest durring 1750-1830?

Answer 1

Britain- it developed twice as fast

Question 2

Second fastest industrializing country durring 1750

Answer 2

Belgium

Question 3

Third fastest industrializing country during 1750

Answer 3

France; Was slow at first because of French revolution, but picked up the pace eventually

Question 4

1913 Germany and US

Answer 4

• Closing in on britain

Question 5

Challenge of Industrailzation

Answer 5

• Revolutions and wars on Continent slw econmic growth
• Tough to compete with GB. Economically and technologically they’re too advanced
• France did not have the money or natural resources of coal and iron

Question 6

What was Great B focusing on durring the industrial revolution

Answer 6

• Factories

Question 7

What was France focusing on durring the industrial revolution

Answer 7

• Silk, porcelain and ornate furniture

Question 8

3 advantages of continental countries durring industrialization

Answer 8

• Rich traditions of putting-out enterprise merchant capitalists and urban artistans
• Could simply copy the British way of doing things
• Power of strong central governments could be used to promote industry

Question 9

Why did France have more challenges in the industrial revolution

Answer 9

• They didn’t have the money or the materials

Question 10

Agents of Industrialization

Answer 10

• Cockerill in Belgium brings British industry secerets to other parts of Europe
• Harkort in Germany fails at industrialzing the country. Shows how diffucult duplicating British achievements can be

Question 11

How did government aid industries durring industrialization?

Answer 11

• Building roads/canals,
• Financing railroads
• Erecting tariffs

Question 12

What did the thinkers and writers believe about the industrialization?

Answer 12

• The industrialization would advance the nation “Economic Nationalism”

Question 13

Banks played a more important roled on the continent than in GB

Answer 13

• Industrial banks like Bredit Mobilier became important in France and Germany
• These industrial banks mobilized savings of thousands of small investors and invested in railroads and industry

Question 14

Where did early industrialists come from?

Answer 14

Varied backgrounds

Question 15

Quakers

Answer 15

Subgroup of protestantistism

Question 16

What religions were important in Britain?

Answer 16

Quakers and Scots?

Question 17

Religious people important in France:

Answer 17

Protestans and Jews

Question 18

What declined as factories grew

Answer 18

Oppurtunities

Question 19

Why were girls shut out of the factories?

Answer 19

• They wanted girls to do domestic things

Question 20

A new class of Factory workers

Answer 20

• Many observers claimed tha tthe industrial revolution brought misery to workers
• Romantic poets Blake and Wordsworth protested life of workers pollution of land and water
• Luddities smashed new machines they thought were putting them out of work
• Engles attacked middle classes “The condition of the Working Class in England”

Question 21

The Life of a Factory Worker

Answer 21

• Others claimed life was improving for workers
• Statistics of purchasing power of workers show little or no improvement between 1780 and 1820
  
  • 1792-1815 liviing conditions actually decline while food prices rose faster than wages
  • After 1840 some improvment occurs. Even though hours of labor increased and unemployment was also present
• Diet and supply of clothing improved but housing did not

Question 22

Working Conditions

Answer 22

Working in factory meant more discipline and less personal freedom

Question 23

What does the “factory whistle” replace

Answer 23

It replaced the relaxed pace of cottage work with more dicipline and less personal freedom

Question 24

Refusual of cottage workers to work in factory to led to child labor

Answer 24

• Use of pauper children formbidden in 1902
  
  • Urban factories and coal mines attacted whole families and preserved kinship ties
  • Children and parents work long hours

Question 25

Parliament and Child Labor

Answer 25

• Robert Owen proposes limiting hours of labor and child labor
• The factory Act of 1833 limits child labor and the number of hours children can work in textile factories
• Factory owners required to establish elementary schools for children of employees
• Subcontracting led to close relationship between subcontractor and work crew
• Subcontracting helped maintain kinship ties

Question 26

Sexual Division of Labor

Answer 26

• New pattern of seperate spheres emerged
  
  • Men were primary wage earner wormen had limited oppurtunities
  • Married women were less likely to work outside the home after 1st child born
  • Women confined to low- paying dead-end jobs
• Reasons for reorganization along gender lines is debated
  
  • Deeply ingrained “pratiachal tradition” from pre-industrial craft guilds
  • Factory discipline conflicted with women’s priority with children
  • Sexual division was to control the sexuality of working-class youth
    0 Conditions in coal mines illustrate this