Europeans in Africa

Question 1

Explorers were first to move inward. What did they do?

Answer 1

• mapped rivers, moutains and plains

Question 2

Missionaries were second to move inward. What did they do?

Answer 2

• converting natives and helping to abolish slavery

Question 3

When did military move in?

Answer 3

Military moved in when Africans resisted

Question 4

Conflict- the Berlin Conference in 1800s

Answer 4

Nations were fighting over territory

Question 5

Conflict- the Berlin Conference in 1884s

Answer 5

Otto von Bismark called a conference in Berlin to partition- divide up Africa by formal treaty

Question 6

How many European nations and the US were invited/ How many African nations were invited

Answer 6

14 European nations, and no African nations

Question 7

Scramble for Africa

Answer 7

was a period of rapid colonization of the African continent by European powers

Question 8

Scramble for africa in 1850

Answer 8

=small colonies along the coast

Question 9

Scramble for Africa in 1914

Answer 9

only Ethiopia nd Liberia remained independent

Question 10

Seed of Nationalism in Africa. What happens over time?

Answer 10

Over time, numerous tribes united against a common enemy European Powers

Question 11

Economic impact

Answer 11

• shift from subsistence farming (growing your crops and then eating them with your family, this is your only job and you make no income) to cash crops (growing crops and then selling them for income)
• Creation of plantations and mines
• Exploitation of raw materials and resources
• European control of markets- economic control

Question 12

• Colonial governments replaced traditional structures:

Answer 12

• Tribal leaders lost power
• Tribes were split up- weakened unity
• Competition for/resistance of control lead to warfare

Question 13

Imperal power- exploration in 15th and 16th centuries (of Africa)

Answer 13

• imperial powers did not often penetrate far into the conquered areas in Asia and Africa and didn’t have alot of influence over people

Question 14

Demands of Europeans during the new imperialism

Answer 14

• demanded more influence over the economic, political and social lives of people

Question 15

Four forms of colonial control

Answer 15

1. Colony
2. Protectorate
3. Sphere of influence
4. Economic imperialism

Question 16

Indirect control

Answer 16

• relies on prexisting political rulers
• councils would train local leaders in the British method of government, and in time the local population would govern itself

Question 17

Who used indirect control

Answer 17

• Us, Australia and Canada

Question 18

Direct control

Answer 18

• Africans viewed as unabale to rule
• provides for needs, but doesn’t give rights
• idea was that local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French

Question 19

Paternalism

Answer 19

• provides for people’s needs but doesn’t give them rights

Question 20

Assimilation

Answer 20

• idea that in time the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French

Question 21

Imperialsim

Answer 21

policy in which one coutnry seeks to extend its authority by conqueiring other countries or by establishing ecomonimc and political dominance over other countries

Question 22

How was British conquest of northen Nigeria accomplished?

Answer 22

• by Royal Niger Company. Company gained control of palm oil trade along Niger river after the Berlin conference gave Britain a protecorate over the Niger River delta

Question 23

What did Britain do to Nigeria to govern it?

Answer 23

They indirectly ruled it

Question 24

Why was Africa so suceptiple to famines

Answer 24

• they were forced to grow cash crops rather than food

Question 25

Only African nation that successfully resited the Europeans

Answer 25

Ethopia

Question 26

Menlick 2

Answer 26

• Emperor. Turned Italians, French and the British against each other who were striving to bring Ethopia into their spheres of influence. He made weapons. Signed a treaty with Italy, but translation error made it so that they could claim all of Ethiopia. Melnick declared Battle of Adowa

Question 27

Negative affects of European colonization

Answer 27

• Africans lost controll of their land+indepence
• died of diseases
• resisters often died
• famines from cash crops
• breakdown of cultures