Europeans in Africa Flashcards
Explorers were first to move inward. What did they do?
- mapped rivers, moutains and plains
Missionaries were second to move inward. What did they do?
- converting natives and helping to abolish slavery
When did military move in?
Military moved in when Africans resisted
Conflict- the Berlin Conference in 1800s
Nations were fighting over territory
Conflict- the Berlin Conference in 1884s
Otto von Bismark called a conference in Berlin to partition- divide up Africa by formal treaty
How many European nations and the US were invited/ How many African nations were invited
14 European nations, and no African nations
Scramble for Africa
was a period of rapid colonization of the African continent by European powers
Scramble for africa in 1850
=small colonies along the coast
Scramble for Africa in 1914
only Ethiopia nd Liberia remained independent
Seed of Nationalism in Africa. What happens over time?
Over time, numerous tribes united against a common enemy European Powers
Economic impact
- shift from subsistence farming (growing your crops and then eating them with your family, this is your only job and you make no income) to cash crops (growing crops and then selling them for income)
- Creation of plantations and mines
- Exploitation of raw materials and resources
- European control of markets- economic control
- Colonial governments replaced traditional structures:
- Tribal leaders lost power
- Tribes were split up- weakened unity
- Competition for/resistance of control lead to warfare
Imperal power- exploration in 15th and 16th centuries (of Africa)
- imperial powers did not often penetrate far into the conquered areas in Asia and Africa and didn’t have alot of influence over people
Demands of Europeans during the new imperialism
- demanded more influence over the economic, political and social lives of people
Four forms of colonial control
- Colony
- Protectorate
- Sphere of influence
- Economic imperialism
Indirect control
- relies on prexisting political rulers
- councils would train local leaders in the British method of government, and in time the local population would govern itself
Who used indirect control
- Us, Australia and Canada
Direct control
- Africans viewed as unabale to rule
- provides for needs, but doesn’t give rights
- idea was that local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French
Paternalism
- provides for people’s needs but doesn’t give them rights
Assimilation
- idea that in time the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French
Imperialsim
policy in which one coutnry seeks to extend its authority by conqueiring other countries or by establishing ecomonimc and political dominance over other countries
How was British conquest of northen Nigeria accomplished?
- by Royal Niger Company. Company gained control of palm oil trade along Niger river after the Berlin conference gave Britain a protecorate over the Niger River delta
What did Britain do to Nigeria to govern it?
They indirectly ruled it
Why was Africa so suceptiple to famines
- they were forced to grow cash crops rather than food
Only African nation that successfully resited the Europeans
Ethopia
Menlick 2
- Emperor. Turned Italians, French and the British against each other who were striving to bring Ethopia into their spheres of influence. He made weapons. Signed a treaty with Italy, but translation error made it so that they could claim all of Ethiopia. Melnick declared Battle of Adowa
Negative affects of European colonization
- Africans lost controll of their land+indepence
- died of diseases
- resisters often died
- famines from cash crops
- breakdown of cultures
