Dictatorships and The Second World War

Question 1

What was the nature of twentieth-century dictatorship and authoritarian rule?

Answer 1

• conservative authoritarianism

Question 2

What are the similarities and differences between the political social and economic systems of Stalin Mussolini and Hitler?

Question 3

What conditions afforded the rise of these dictators in the twentieth century?

Question 4

Authoritarian states

Answer 4

• Conservative authoritarianism
• Conservative authoritarianism revived after the First World War in eastern Europe, Spain and Portugal

Question 5

Conservative authoritarianism

Answer 5

• Conservative authorities had deep roots in European history and led to an anti-democratic form of government that believed in avoiding change but was limited in its power and objectives

Question 6

Conversavative authoritism revied after the First World War in eastern Europe, Spain and Portugal

Answer 6

• These countries lacked a strong tradition of self- government
• Many were torn by ethnic conflicts
• Large landowners and the church looked to dictators to save them from land reform

Question 7

What were the new Authoritarian States concerned with?

Answer 7

• More concerned with maintaining the status quo then forcing society into rapid change

Question 8

Hungary as an example of conservative authoritiarnism?

Answer 8

• Rule by landlords in highly nationlistic and conservative- without reform

Question 9

Examples of conservative authoritarianism

Answer 9

Hungary, Portugal and Portland

Question 10

Totalitarisanism vs Fascism (simularities)

Answer 10

• Structured on the idea that all aspects of society are controlled by the leader
• Removes rights (e.g. freedom of speech, freedom of the press)

Question 11

Totalitarisanism vs Fascism (differences)

Answer 11

• Totalitarianism is thought to have emerged from the First World War and the Russian civil war when individual liberties were subordinated to a total war effort
• Totalitarianism controlled everything
• Fascism is just a form of totalitarism but the emphasis on empansionsits nationalsim and anti socialism - but historians don’t agree on a set def

Question 12

A revolt against liberalism

Answer 12

• Totalitarism was a radical revolt against liberalism
• Unlike old- fashioned authoritariansism, which was based on elites, modern totalitarisanism was based on the masses
• Totalitarian regimes believed in mobilizing society toward some great goal
• Fascism is a form of totalistariansim- with emphasis on expansionists nationalism and anti socialism- but historians do not agree as to a precise definition, arguing that fascism varied from country to country

Question 13

Liberalism

Answer 13

Emphasied the rights fo the individual

Question 14

Russian Revolution

Answer 14

• 1921 the economy of Russia had been destroyed

Question 15

Stalin’s Soviet Union

Answer 15

• From Lenin To Stalin

Question 16

From Lenin To Stalin

Answer 16

• By 1921 the economy of Russia had been destoryed
• In 1921 Lenin’s New Economic Policyu re-established limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agriculture and industry
• Peasants bought and sold goods

[there was more that I didn’t catch]

Question 17

Stalin Takes Control

Answer 17

Lenin is gone so Stalin takes over, and met the ethnic demadns for independence within the multinational Soviet State by granting minority groups limited freedoms
Stalin’s theory of “socialism in one country” or Russia buliding its own socialist society was more attractive to many JCommunists than Trosky’s theory of “permanent revolution,” or the overthrow of other European states.
- By 1927 Stalin had curhsed all opposition and was ready to launch and economic-0 social revolution

Question 18

Lif ein Stalinist Society

Answer 18

• Communists wanted to rewrite society and human personality
• Stalin was so terrifying that no one opposed him
• Propaganda and indoctrination were common and art/literature was political
• Benefits were better education

Question 19

Women in the soviet Union

Answer 19

• given better opputunities in work and education because highly gendered splits were lifed
• 1917 revolution got their complete equality of rights for women
• 1920’s: Divorce and abortion made easy, and women were urged to work outside the home and were given more freedom in how they displayed the sexual sides of them

Question 20

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy

Answer 20

• Mussolini was against liberasim; made first fascist movement; midway point beween conservative authiratism and mondern totalitariansism
• The fascist seizure

Question 21

The fascist seizure of power (Mussolini and Italy)

Answer 21

• Italy was was moving towards democracy but Catholics conservaties and landowenrs hated liberasim and the country was divided

Question 22

Mussolini

Answer 22

The 1st World War and post war problems ended the move toward democracy in Italy
- Workers and peasents felt cheated because war-time promises of reform were not carried out
- Nationalists felt cheated by the war settlement
0 The Russian revolution energized Italy;’s socialists into occupiying factories and farms
- by 1922: most italians opposed to literal parlintary gov

[more I didn’t get]

Question 23

Mussolini’s Regime in Action

Answer 23

• Builds one party but didn’t establish a fully totalitarian state
• Catholic Church (which had a lot of influence on the people) chose to support Mussolini
• Women were repressed but Jews were not persecuted until late in the Second World War- Overall Mussolini’;s fascist Italy was never really totalitarian