Dictatorships And The Second World War Re imagined Flashcards
Where did Conservative authoritarianism get it’s roots?
Europe
Conservative authoritarianism
anti-democratic form of government that believed in avoiding change but was limited in its power and objectives.
Conservative authoritarianism
anti-democratic form of government that believed in avoiding change but was limited in its power and objectives.
When and where was Conservative authoritarianism revived?
Conservative authoritarianism revived after the First World War in eastern Europe, Spain, and Portugal.
Why was conservative authoritariasim revived in Europe Span and Portugal?
- These countries lacked a strong tradition of self-government.
- Many were torn by ethnic conflicts.
- Large landowners and the church looked to dictators to save them from land reform.
Hungary as an example of conservative authoritiasim
rule by landlords in a highly nationalistic and conservative state—without reform.
Examples of conservative authoritarianism
Portland Portugal and Hungary
New Authoriatism States were The new authoritarian governments were more concerned with __________ than with forcing society into rapid change.
mantaining the status quo
New radical dictatorships in the 1920s and 1930s were based on ________________.
rejection of parliamentary democracy and liberal values, along with unprecedented control over the masses.
When do some historians claim that totalitarianism emerged?
Some historians claim that the concept of totalitarianism emerged from the First World War and the Russian civil war,
When do some historians claim that totalitarianism emerged?
The induvidual’s freedoms were limited because the world was at war
What did totalirism use to try and control the people?
modern tech communications
What did Totalirism emphasize?
totalitarianism stressed that the individual was less important than the state.
What is a rebel against liberism?
Totalirism
What is totalirism based on
the masses
What does totalirism believe in
Putting society towards a greater goal
Facism
Fascism is a form of totalitarianism—with emphasis on expansionist nationalism and anti-socialism—
Reason for establishment of NEP
By 1921 Russia’s economy was destroyed
Effects of NEP
Peasants bought and sold goods on the free market.
Agricultural production grew, and industrial production surpassed the prewar level.
What did NEP do and why?
re-established limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agriculture and industry.
What did NEP stand for?
(Lenin’s) New Economic Policy
What caused a struggle for power in Russia?
Economic recovery+ Lenin’s death caused a struggle for power.
Who won the struggle for power caused by Russia?
Stalin
How did Stalin met the ethnic demands for independence?
by granting minority groups limited freedoms.
Meaning of Stalin’s theory of “socialism in one country,”
Russia building its own socialist society,
Trotsky’s theory of “permanent revolution
the overthrow of other European states.
Was Stalin’s theory of “socialism in one country,” more attractive to many Communists, or was Trotsky’s theory of “permanent revolution,”
Stalin’s theory
By 1927, Stalin had crushed all opposition and was ready to ___________
launch an economic-social revolution.
What did Stalin want to do to the NEP?
Get rid of it
What did Stalin want?
Stalin wanted to erase the NEP, spur the economy, and catch up with the West.
Why did Stalin wage a preventive war against the better-off peasants, the kulaks?
to bring them and their land under state control.
Who did Stalin wage a preemtive war aginst
the kulaks
Who were the kulaks?
the better off peasents
forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large, state-controlled enterprises—resulted in _________
disaster for agriculture and unparalleled human tragedy but a political victory for Stalin and the Communist party, as the peasants were eliminated as a potential threat.
What did the 5 year plans do for the industry, and who aided this?
The five-year plans brought about a spectacular growth of heavy industry, especially with the aid of government control of the workers and foreign technological experts.
What did massive investments mean for the workers?
low standards of living for workers.
Stalin’s_________ created fear and eliminated any opposition.
reign of terror and mass purges
What was common in arts
propaganda
Good things in Stalnist society
- better edu
Women in Soviet Union
- Better opportunities in industry and education.
- equality of rights for women.
- divorce and abortion were made easy
- liberated themselves sexually.
- Most women had to work to help support their families in addition to caring for the home and the children.
What proclaimed complete equality of rights for women?
The 1917 revolution proclaimed complete equality of rights for women.
What problems did Italy have when moving towards democracy?
Catholics, conservatives, and landowners hated liberalism and the country was divided.
Where did the Socialist party gain power prior to 1914
Italy
- What ended the move towards democracy in Italy
the first world war and post war
The Russian revolution energized Italy’s socialists into_______
occupying factories and farms.
How did most itallians feel about liberal and parilentary government by 1922?
Most Italians were opposed to liberal, parliamentary government.
How did Mussolini oppose socialist threat?
physical force (the black shirts)
What did Mussolini force the king to do?
make him head of gov
