Industrialization Flashcards
Positives of Industrialization
- Increased job oppurtunities
Negatives of Industrialization
- Poor working conditions
Why did people work in factories rather than farms
- higher wages
Urbanization
City building and the migration of people to cities
Problems that arose form England’s growth?
- Overcrowding and unsanitary living
Industrial Revolution
refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s
After starting in England, where did the industrial revolution spread?
to continental Europe and North America.
1700 England’s physical geography
Made up almost entirely of small farms
What innovations amounted to an agricultural revolution.
Wealthy landowners, however, began buying up much of the land that village farmers had once worked. The large landowners dramatically improved farm ing methods.
Agricultural Revolution
- Farmers
increased his mutton (sheep meat) output by allow ing only his best sheep to breed
Robert Bakewell
Where did the farmers who were out of work after enclosures became a thing go?
To work in factories
Industrialization which is the process of developing machine production of goods, required such natural resources as
• water power and coal to fuel the new machines
• iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings
• rivers for inland transportation
• harbors from which merchant ships set sail
What helped support the British Industrialization?
- Natural Resources
- Expanding economy
- Political stability
What did John Kay invent in 1733?
In 1733, a machinist named John Kay made a shuttle that sped back and forth on wheels. This flying shuttle, a boat-shaped piece of wood to which yarn was attached, doubled the work a weaver could do in a day.
Which invention did John Kay’s invention lead to?
Because spin ners could not keep up (because of John Kay’s invention), a cash prize attracted contestants to produce a better spinning machine. Around 1764, a textile worker named James Hargreaves invented a spinning wheel he named after his daughter. His spinning jenny allowed one spinner to work eight threads at a time.
Who invented the water frame and what did it do?
Richard Arkwright invented the water frame in 1769. This machine used the water power from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels. I
Which industry did industrialization begin in, in the US
The textile industry
What measures did Britain take to keep the secrets of Industrialization to themselves?
- They wouldn’t let engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers leave the country
Which young British Mill worker emigrated to the US in 1789, and what did he do?
Samuel Slater made a spinning machine (the first one Americans had ever seen)
What did Samuel Slater make in 1793?
Slater’s mill on rhode island
Father of American Industry
- Samuel Slater
Who, when and where was the first opened the first factory,
Moses Brown, 1794, Pawtucket Rhode Island
What did the Pawtucket factory mass produce?
thread
When, who and how was the American textile industry revolutionized?
1813, Francis Cabot Lowel + 4 other investers, they mechanized every step of cloth production
Rhode Island System
The Rhode Island System refers to a system of mills, complete with small villages and farms, ponds, dams, and spillways first developed by Samuel Slater and his brother John Slater
Economic independence
People in economy are dependent on one another for goods and services
Technilogical boom at end of 1800s
Second industrial revolution
