Marching Towards War

Question 1

Europe nation relations at the turn of the 20th century

Answer 1

Peaceful

Question 2

Describe the rising tensions in Europe

Answer 2

• Europe was calm on the surface, but the tension was growing between and within nations

Question 3

Nationalism

Answer 3

Devotion to one’s national group

Question 4

Where did the first important ideas of nationalism begin?

Answer 4

In the French and American revolutions

Question 5

After the idea of nationalism began in the French and American revolutions, where did the idea spread?

Answer 5

Latin America and Europe

Question 6

What united the forces of Italy and Germany?

Answer 6

Nationalism

Question 7

Effects of Nationalism on the Ottoman Empire

Answer 7

The different ethnic groups within the empire started nationalist movements which divided the empire. The Ottoman Empire weakened because the groups all tried to expand and because other groups joined Russia and Austria- Hungary.

Question 8

What caused rivarly in Europe’s great powers

Answer 8

• Economic rivalry (industrialization [caused competition for materials and markets])
• Political Rivalry
• Imperialism and Militarism (European countries competed for land in Africa and Asia which grew their resentment for one another).

Question 9

Why did all the major countries in Europe have large standing armies

Answer 9

-There was a race for European arms
- It was believed that to be a great country, you needed a great military

Question 10

What did military experts stress?

Answer 10

military experts stressed the importance of being able to quickly mobilize, or organize and move troops in case of a war.

Question 11

militarism

Answer 11

The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war was known as militarism.

Question 12

What were the people’s feelings about having a large standing army?

Answer 12

Having a large and strong standing army made citizens feel patriotic. However, it also frightened some people.

Question 13

What was Frédéric Passy’s concern?

Answer 13

Frederic Passy expressed the concern that a minor incident could ignite a devastating war throughout Europe.

Question 14

What caused a web of Alliances

Answer 14

Growing rivalries and mutual mistrust

Question 15

What did Otto Von Bismark do between Between 1864 and 1871?

Answer 15

Used war to unify Germany, before proclaiming Germany satisfactory in 1871 and focusing on maintaining the peace in Europe.

Question 16

From Dual Alliance to Triple Alliance

Answer 16

between Germany and Austria-Hungary. Three years later, Italy joined the two countries, forming the Triple Alliance.

Question 17

Kaiser Wilham

Answer 17

Becomes ruler of germany, then forces Otto Van Bismark to resign.

Question 18

What was Russia’s response to the lapse (on Germany’s part) in their treaty with Germany?

Answer 18

They allied with France

Question 19

Why was Russia’s allying with France bad for Germany?

Answer 19

Going into war would mean going a two front war

Question 20

Two rival camps in Europe in 1907

Answer 20

On one side was the Triple Alliance—Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. On the other side was the Triple Entente-Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Question 21

Where in Europe was a dispute most likely to happen and why?

Answer 21

Balkan Penin sula because the many ethnic groups there clashed.

Question 22

What resulted in the decline of the Ottoman Empire

Answer 22

While some Balkan groups struggled to free themselves from the Ottoman Turks, others had already succeeded in breaking away from their Turkish rulers. These peoples had formed new nations, including Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia.

Question 23

What was a strong force in the countries that broke away from the ottoman Empire and what did it drive them to do?

Answer 23

Nationalism. It drived them to expand.

Question 24

Why did Russia support Serbian nationalism?

Answer 24

Because they both had large Slavic populations.

Question 25

Why did Austria oppose Serbian nationalism?

Answer 25

Austria feared that efforts to create a Slavic state would stir rebellion among its Slavic population.

Question 26

What was the Serbian response to the Austrian annex?

Answer 26

In 1908, Austria annexed, or took over, Bosnia and Herzegovina. These were two Balkan areas with large Slavic populations. In the years that followed, tensions between Serbia and Austria rose steadily. The Serbs vowed to take Bosnia and Herzegovina away from Austria. In response, Austria-Hungary vowed to crush any Serbian effort to undermine its authority in the Balkans.

Question 27

Direct cause of WW1

Answer 27

On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife, Sophie. paid a state visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. It would be their last. The royal pair were shot at point-blank range as they rode through the streets of Sarajevo in an open car.

Question 28

What was the Black Hand

Answer 28

The Black Hand was a secret society committed to ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule.

Question 29

How did Austria react to the Siberian assasin?

Answer 29

They decided to send Siberia an ultimatum, which would give them a reason to attack when the impossible demands were not met.

Question 30

Why were Aremanians sometimes seen as a foreign element?

Answer 30

Armenians had their own language and a strong communal identity.

Question 31

What caused American relations between the people and government to go strained?

Answer 31

When some Armenian activists called for an independent state, relations between Armenians and the government grew strained.

Question 32

Which side did Austria-Hungary join?

Answer 32

Germany and Austria-Hungary

Question 33

What did the Armeniam govermnent claim in order to deport neary 2 million Armenians and confiscate their land?

Answer 33

Claiming that Armenian revolutionaries planned to support the Triple Entente powers, the government deported nearly 2 million Armenians and confiscated their land.

Question 34

Why were so few Armenians not a part of the empire by 1920?

Answer 34

On their trek through the desert to camps in the south, more than 600,000 Armenians were killed or died of starvation. By 1920, fewer than 400,000
Armenians remained in the former Ottoman Empire.