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HISTOLOGÍA > The Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Órganos externos del sistema reproductor femenino

A

Monte de Venus, labios mayores y menores, clitoris, y la mama

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2
Q

Órganos internos del sistema reproductor femenino

A

Ovarios, oviductos, utero, vagina

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3
Q

Que se le llama leche de brujas

A

el término leche de bruja es utilizado para describir una secreción temporal de los pezones de un recién nacido, tanto en varones como en mujeres, como respuesta a la elevación de estrógenos maternos y tiende a desaparecer dentro de las 2 primeras semanas de vida tan pronto como los niveles de hormonas provenientes de la madre comienzen a descender, solo aparece en bebés a término y no en bebés prematuros.No se recomienda el apretar, masajear o intentar extraer estas secreciones de los recién nacidos por la alta incidencia de infecciones como resultado de tales maniobras.

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4
Q

Primer sangrado menstrual en la vida de la mujer

A

Menarca o menarquia

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5
Q

La menarquia ocurre

A

En la pubertad alrededor de los 11 años de edad

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6
Q

Órgano con forma de nuez, superficie es lisa cuando la mujer es joven, pero conforme crece presenta areas de retracción

A

Ovario

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7
Q

La superficie externa del ovario esta cubierta por

A

Epitelio simple que puede variar desde plano hasta columnar, el más común es el cúbico simple que descansa sobre una capa de tejido conectivo laxo llamada túnica albuginea

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8
Q

Debajo de la tunica albuginea del ovario se localizan en la mujer que vive entre Menarca y menopausia

A

Folículos primordiales

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9
Q

El estroma del ovario está formado por

A

Fibras reticulares, fibroblastos y colagena

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10
Q

En el lugar donde el mesoovario fija el ovario con el ligamento ancho, el ovario toma el nombre de

A

Hilio

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11
Q

Capa periférica del ovario

A

Corteza

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12
Q

Se encuentran los folículos ovaricos que contienen oocitos

A

Corteza ovarica

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13
Q

Los folículos ovaricos más abundantes son

A

Folículos primordiales

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14
Q

Rodeados únicamente por una capa simple de epitelio plano folicular

A

Folículos primordiales

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15
Q

En una mujer adulta normal existen 400,000 folículos primordiales de los cuales solo

A

400 aproximadamente serán liberados para la ovulación

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16
Q

Se diferencian porque las células foliculares se hacen cuboidales o columnares bajas, por medio de mitosis estas celulas cuboidales dan origen a epitelio folicular estratificado de celulas de la granulosa

A

Folículo primarios

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17
Q

El epitelio estratificado de las células de la granulosa de los folículos primarios está envuelto por lamina ….. la cual separa la granulosa de las células estromales que se concentran alrededor del folículo diferenciándose en …

A

Una gruesa lamina basal, lamina limitante externa

Teca folicular

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18
Q

La membrana del oocito se llama

A

Oolema

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19
Q

Material amorfo se acumula entre las microvellosidades y las células de la granulosa que gradualmente se condensa para formar … Que contiene glucoproteinas

A

Zona pelucida

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20
Q

La teca se diferencia en

A

Teca interna

Teca externa

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21
Q

La teca interna es

A

Altamente vascularizada de celulas secretoras

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22
Q

La teca externa se encuentra

A

Compuesta por TC laxo

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23
Q

Medidas del diámetro y número de capas necesarias para que se empiece a formar espacios intracelulares irregulares entre las células de la granulosa lleno de liquido folicular

A

0.2 mm y de seis a 12 capas

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24
Q

espacios intracelulares irregulares entre las células de la granulosa lleno de liquido folicular llamados

A

Antros

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25
Q

Cuando esta presente el antro en el folículo se le llama

A

Folículo secundario o folículo antral

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26
Q

El antro folicular esta revestido por un epitelio estratificado de celulas de la granulosa las cuales proliferan hacia un lado del oocito constituyendo lo que se llama

A

Cumulus oophorus

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27
Q

El oocito ovulado está envuelto por

A

Corona radiata

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28
Q

Tiempo necesario para que los folículos maduren

A

10 a 14 días

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29
Q

La teca interna fabrica

A

Estrógenos

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30
Q

Las células de la granulosa secretan una hormona inhibitora de la secreción de la FSH y la LH llamada

A

Foliculostatina o gonadostatina

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31
Q

Proceso por el cual el folículo se rompe y libera al oocito se llama

A

Ovulación

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32
Q

El folículo madura en ciclos de aproximadamente

A

28 días

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33
Q

Mácula pelucida en la superficie externa del folículo

A

Estigma

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34
Q

Después de la ovulación las células foliculares se colapsan y la pared de la granulosa se dobla en pliegues, sus celulas se agrandan , acumulan lípidos y producen

A

Progesterona

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35
Q

El conjunto de celulas luteinicas derivadas del folículo ovulado y que permanecen en el ovario constituyen el

A

Cuerpo luteo o amarillo

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36
Q

Con el paso de los meses hay un proceso de cicatrización que transforma el cuerpo luteo en

A

Cuerpo blanco o cuerpo albicans

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37
Q

El cuerpo luteo secreta

A

Progesterona

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38
Q

Mantiene las condiciones endometriales adecuadas a la implantación y el embarazo

A

Progesterona

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39
Q

El cuerpo luteo del embarazo no involuciona hasta trascurridos

A

Cuatro meses de gestación

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40
Q

Conducto que comunica el ovario con el utero, su longitud varía de acuerdo al día el ciclo menstrual en promedio mide 5cm

A

Oviducto o salpinx o salpinge

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41
Q

Tres capas del oviducto o salpinge

A

Mucosa, muscular y serosa

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42
Q

Mucosa del oviducto

A

Epitelio columnar simple

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43
Q

Cuatro porciones del oviducto

A

Infundibulo con la fimbria
La ampolla
El istmo
Porción intramural o intersticial

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44
Q

Encargada de captar el oocito en el momento de la ovulación, lo logra cuando se ingurgita sangre y se mueve por medio de fibras musculares lisas

A

Infundibulo con la fimbria

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45
Q

Sitio más ancho del oviducto y donde se da la fecundación

A

Ampolla

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46
Q

Es un simple canal dentro del cual pasa el cigoto en su camino hacia el utero parte del oviducto

A

Istmo

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47
Q

Porción que se encuentra dentro de la pared del utero

A

Porción intramural

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48
Q

Características de la Capa muscular del oviducto

A

Muscular lisa interna circular y otra longitudinal externa

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49
Q

Función del oviducto

A

Capacitación del espermatozoide

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50
Q

Capas de la matriz o utero de fuera hacia dentro

A

Perimetrio
Miometrio
Endometrio

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51
Q

Capa mas gruesa del utero abarcando dos terceras partes del espesor del órgano

A

Miometrio

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52
Q

Capa interna que es la mucosa del utero, constituido por epitelio columnar simple que se asienta sobre una lamina basal y forma invaginaciones tubulares o glandulas endometriales

A

Endometrio

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53
Q

El primer día de cada ciclo menstrual es el primer

A

Día de sangrado menstrual

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54
Q

Fase en la que incrementa el número de sus invaginaciones o glandulas (que se ven como tubos rectos), su espesor y el número de celulas, y se encuetra bajo la influencia de estrogenos

A

Fase proliferativa

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55
Q

Fase Tras la ovulación, las glándulas cambian de forma, sus celulas se vuelven cilíndricas y su citoplasma se hace mas mucoso y se halla bajo la influencia de progesterona

A

Fase secretora

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56
Q

Se halla bajo la influencia de progesterona

A

Fase secretora

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57
Q

Se halla bajo influencia de estrógeno

A

Fase proliferativa

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58
Q

Glandula sudorípara especializada conformada por una colección de tubos y glandulas dispersas en un TC irregular denso y tejido adiposo

A

Glandula mamaria

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59
Q

Los adenomeros o glandulas están revestidas en su interior por

A

Epitelio cúbico a columnar bajo simple

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60
Q

Los adenomeros se agrupan en

A

Lobulillos

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61
Q

Los lobulillos desembocan en

A

Conductos galactoforos

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62
Q

Estroma del lobulillo de la mama formado por

A

Fibras de colagenas dispersas y tejido adiposo altamente vascularizado, rodeado por celulas mioepiteliales entre celulas epiteliales y lamina basal

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63
Q

Los conductos galactoforos se encuentran revestidos por

A

Epitelio que va a modificarse de cúbico simple, columnar simple, columnar estratificado y plano estratificado no queratenizado hasta el pezon

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64
Q

Poco antes de llegar al pezon el conducto galactoforos presents una dilatación revestida por epitelio plano estratificado queratenizado llamado

A

Seno galactoforo

65
Q

Promueven el desarrollo ductal y formación de tejido adiposo estromal en la pubertad

A

Estrogenos

66
Q

Con su incremento algunos alveolos protruyen hacia los conductos tomando un aspecto de ramificaciones

A

Progesterona

67
Q

Cambios en actividad apocrina en las mamas, debido a la presencia de prolactina secretada por la hipofisis anterior

A

Al momento del parto

68
Q

Primera leche que la madre ofrece al bebe, con mayor IgA y concentración de proteinas y menos concentración de grasa

A

Calostro

69
Q

Principal proteína de la leche materna

A

Caseina

70
Q

Principal azúcar de la leche materna

A

Lactosa

71
Q

El calostro contiene macrofagos que fagocitan la leche producida formando

A

Cuerpos de leche

72
Q

La succión producida por el bebe sobre el pezon estimula la producción de

A

Oxitocina

73
Q

Se diferencia por su epitelio vacuolizado

A

Vagina

74
Q

Se diferencia por su epitelio columnar simple rodeado por tejido conectivo laxo

A

Utero

75
Q

Epitelio cúbico estratificado rodeado por T. C laxo y adiposo

A

Mama

76
Q

Is a variably timed period during which the cyclic changes become irregular and eventually dissapear

A

Menopause

77
Q

Each ovary is covered by a simple cuboidal epithelium called

A

The surface (or germinal) epithelium

78
Q

Stroma of the ovary is

A

Highly cellular conective tissue

79
Q

The most internal part of the ovary, the medulla

A

Contains loose connective tissue and blood vessels

80
Q

In developing ovaries of a 2 month embryo, there are about

A

600,000 oogonia that produce more than 7 million by fifth month

81
Q

Cells arrested in prophase of the first meiotic division

A

Primary oocytes

82
Q

Month in which must oogonia have transformed into primary oocytes within follicles

A

Seven

83
Q

At puberty the ovaries contains about

A

300,000 oocytes

84
Q

Oocytes are liberated from ovaries by ovulation

A

450

85
Q

Follicular cells undergo mitosis and form a simple cuboidal epithelium around the growth oocyte the follicle is now called

A

Unilaminar primary follicle

86
Q

Follicles with granulosa surround by a basement membrane

A

Multilaminar primary follicle

87
Q

Receptors of Zona pelucida

A

ZP3 y ZP4

88
Q

Is characterized by enlarge ovaries with numerous cysts and a anovulatory state

A

Cystic ovary syndrome

89
Q

Stroma cells outside the follicle differentiate to form the

A

Follicular theca

90
Q

A well vascularized endocrine tissue with typical steroid producing cells secreting androstenedione

A

Theca interna

91
Q

Enzyme that is present in granulosa that change androstenedione to estradiol

A

Aromatase an FSH dependent function

92
Q

Follicular fluid contains

A

GAGs hyaluronic acid, growth factor, plasminogen, fibrinogen, anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and steroid

93
Q

Single large Antrum, with a diameter of 2cm or more

A

Mature or preovulatory follicle or graafian follicle

94
Q

A mature follicle has thick thecal layers and normally develops from a primordial follicle over a period of about

A

90 days 1.5 cm

95
Q

Que se ovula

A 
Oocito 2 en metafase II
Primer cuerpo polar
Cumulus oophurus 
Corona radiata 
Liquido folicular 
Sangre
Zona pelucida
96
Q

Just before ovulation the oocyte completes the first meiotic division, which in fetal life it arrested in prophase. The chromosomes are equally divided between the two divided cells, but one of these retains almost all the cytoplasm called

A

Second oocyte

97
Q

The other cell without cytoplasm is called

A

First polar body

98
Q

After expulsion of the first polar body the nucleus of the oocyte begins the secondary division but

A

Arrest in metaphase and never complete fertilization until fecundation

99
Q

Produced by granulosa and luteal cells that inhibits pituitary hormone anterior

A

Inhibin

100
Q

The secondary oocyte begins to degradate if not fertilized within about

A

24 hours

101
Q

Percentage of granulosa in corpus luteum in granulosa lutein cells

A

80%

102
Q

The ovulatory LH cause the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone for

A

10 to 12 days

103
Q

Estrogen produced by active corpus luteum inhibits

A

FSH from pituitary

104
Q

Remnants from its regression are phagocytosed by macrophages after which fibroblasts invade the area until produce a scar of dense connective tissue

A

Corpus albicans

105
Q

If pregnancy occurs trophoblast cells of the implanted embryo produce a glycoprotein hormone called

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin HCG

106
Q

The corpus luteum of pregnancy becomes very large and is maintained by

A

4 to 5 months time in which placenta itself produce progesterone and estrogen

107
Q

The mucosa of the oviduct has

A

A thick muscularis with interwoven circular or spiral an longitudinal layers of smooth muscle and a thin serosa

108
Q

Epitelio de las fimbrias

A

Columnar simple Ciliado

109
Q

Cell division occurs while the embryo is transported by contraction of the oviduct muscularis and ciliary movements of the uterus which takes about

A

5 days

110
Q

During pregnancy the myometrium goes through a period of extensive growth involving

A

Hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells

111
Q

Contains type III collagen, with abundant fibroblast with two concentric zones, basal layer and functional layer

A

Endometrium

112
Q

The blood vessels supplying the endometrium

A

Accurate arteries in the middle of myometrium sends straight arteries which supplies only the basal layer
Spiral arteries bring blood to the functional layer that branch arterioles and vascular lacunae

113
Q

Average the menstrual period last

A

3 to 4 days

114
Q

Prolifertive phase has an average of days about

A

8 to 10 days

115
Q

Secretory phase last about

A

14 days

116
Q

At the end of proliferation phase the endometrium is

A

2 or 3 mm thick

117
Q

Also called follicular or estrogenic phase, coincides with the rapid growth of the small group of ovarian follicles, theca interna secretes estrogen, act on endometrium inducing regelation of functional layer, , endometrial lining is a simple columnar epithelium and uterus glands are straight tubules with narrow empty lumen and vasculature form near the surface of the functional layer

A

Prolifertive phase

118
Q

Start as a result of progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum , epithelial cells start accumulating glycogen causing glands to becoming coiled and vasculature included filled lacunae, the endothelium reach its maximum thickness 5mm becoming optimal for implantation

A

Secretory phase

119
Q

Zygote produced mitotic cleavages and is moved toward the uterus called

A

Blastomeres

120
Q

Compact blastomeres aggregates called

A

Morula

121
Q

About how many days after fertilization the embryo reaches the uterine cavity

A

About 5 days

122
Q

If embryonic implantation do not occur, the corpus luteum regresses and circulating levels of progesterone and estrogen begin to decrease at

A

8 to 10 days after ovulation

123
Q

The drop off in progesterone produces

A

Spasms of muscle contraction in small spiral arteries
Increase synthesis of prostaglandin which increase vasoconstriction and local hypoxia
Leukocyte degradate basement membranes

124
Q

Blastomeres then arrange themselves as a peripheral layer called the

A

Trophoblast

125
Q

Layer of mitotically active cells immediately around amnion and yolk sac

A

Cytotrophoblast

126
Q

A more superficial nonmitotic mass of multinucleated cytoplasm which invades the surrounding stroma

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

127
Q

Day in which the embryo is totally implanted in the endometrium

A

Nine days

128
Q

Synthesize anti-inflammatory cytokines to prevent an adverse uterine reaction

A

Cytotrophoblast

129
Q

Fibroblast of endometrium become

A

Decidual cells

130
Q

The whole endometrium is now called

A

Decidua

131
Q

Between the implant embryo and myometrium

A

Decidua basalis

132
Q

The region between the embryo and the uterine lumen which thins as the embryo get larger

A

Decidua capsularis

133
Q

On the side of the uterus away from the embryo

A

Decidua parietalis

134
Q

Derived from the trophoblast and the maternal part is the decidua basalis

A

Chorion

135
Q

Appear 2 days after implantation as simple cord of proliferating cytotrophoblast cells covered by syncytiotrophoblast extend into lacunae containing maternal blood

A

Primary villi

136
Q

Begins to form on about 15 day of ebryonic development invaded by extraembryonic mesenchyme

A

Secondary villi

137
Q

Secondary villi differentiates to form capillary loops continuous with the ebryonic circulatory system

A

Tetiary villi

138
Q

The placenta produce

A

HCG a ,lactogen ,relaxin, and growth factors, estrogen, progesterone

139
Q

The endocervical mucosa is

A

Simple columnar epithelium on a thick lamina propiaand many cervical glands, lack spiral arteries, does not change its 2 -3mm thickness during the ovarian cycle

140
Q

The cervical region around the external os projects slightly into the upper vagina and is cover by the exocervical mucosa with

A

Nonkeratenized stratified squamous epithelium

141
Q

The transformation zone is between

A

Mucosa secreting columnar epithelium of the endocervix and squamous epithelium just outside the external os

142
Q

The consistency of cervical mucus under the influence of

A

Progesterone

143
Q

At ovulation mucous secretion is

A

Abundant and watery, facilitating sperms movements

144
Q

In luteal phase mucus is more

A

Viscous and hinders the passage of sperms

145
Q

During pregnancy the cervical glands secrete

A

Highly viscous mucus that forms a plug in the cervical canal

146
Q

During pregnancy the cervix become

A

Rigid helping retain the fetus in the uterus

147
Q

The deeper wall of the cervix consist

A

Dense connective tissue with less smooth muscle

148
Q

Before parturition occurs in which its connective tissue undergoes extensive remodeling and significant collagen removal mediated by macrophages

A

Cervical effacement

149
Q

Wall lacks glands and consist of a mucosa, muscular layer and adventitia

A

Vagina

150
Q

Epithelium of vaginal mucosa

A

Stratified squamous thickness 150-200 micrometers), stimulated by estrogen cell synthesized glycogen with low pH, when cells desquamates contains lymphocytes

151
Q

During sexual arousal lubricating mucus is also provided by glands at the vaginal vestibule

A

Bartholin or greater vestibular glands

152
Q

Muscular layer of vagina

A

Circular near the mucosa and thicker longitudinal near adventitia

153
Q

Involves thinning vaginal epithelium caused by diminished estrogen levels

A

Athrophic vaginitis

154
Q

Space whose wall includes the tubuloacinar vestibular glands

A

Vestibule

155
Q

Folds of skin lacking hair follicles but with numerous sebaceous glands

A

Labia minora

156
Q

Crecimiento de las mamas aproximdamente un año antes de la menarca

A

Telarca

157
Q

Stains used in papanicolau

A

Hematoxylin, orange G , eosin

158
Q

In the nipples, have pore- like openings each about 0.5 mm diameter

A

15 to 25 pores

159
Q

Milk contains of total fat per deciliter

A

4 to 5 g

HISTOLOGÍA (21 decks)

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