The English Reformation Flashcards
What Englishman was a precursor to the reformation?
John Wycliffe (mid 1300s)
Who are the Lollards?
“uneducated” Wycliffe followers
The Tudor Dynasty
Henry VII Henry VIII (1509-1547) Edward VI Mary I Elizabeth I
What marriage did King Henry VII arrange?
He had Ferdinand and Isabella’s daughter Catherine of Aragon marry his son Arthur, but when he died she married Henry VIII instead
What did King Henry VIII do in 1527?
He asked Pope Clement VII to annul his marriage to Catherine, since he couldn’t get a male heir
What happened when Henry VIII requested an annulment to his marriage?
Pope said no, since that might upset Catherine’s relative Charles V
What is Henry VIII’s reaction to the Pope’s refusal to annul marriage?
He secretly marries Anne Boleyn and has Elizabeth
What happened in 1534?
Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, breaking with the Catholic church.
What did Henry VIII do to his wife Anne when he broke from the Pope?
He had her executed for “adultery” and married Jane Seymour, having Edward VI
what is the Anglican Church like?
intolerant and basically Catholic still
The rule of Edward Vi (1547-1553)
Protestants growing, Book of Common Prayer
rule of Queen Mary I (1553-1558)
staunch Catholic, married Catholic Philip II of Spain/west HRE to get a Catholic heir, but he quickly leaves her after she is forced into wars with France, and she died a lonely virgin.
Why is Mary I “Bloody Mary”?
burned 280 Protestants
What did Protestants do during Mary I’s rule?
Many left the country, but yearned to purify the Anglican Church–the Puritans
Elizabeth I–Why did she fear for her rule?
She restored Protestantism, but Catholics held her illegitimate and Philip II wanted to conquer England
How did Elizabeth I maintain her rule for so long?
moderate with religion and never got married (but did flirt)`
What conflicts did Elizabeth have with the Spanish/Philip II?
She helped the Protestants in the Dutch Revolt and fought the Anglo-Spanish War
What is the Dutch Revolt?
the 80 Years’ War–Protestant Netherlands splits from Catholic Belgium, and in 1648 Dutch declare independence from Spain officially (United Provinces)
Who is William of Orange?
Dutchman who had tried to unite the Dutch place under a religion
What happened in the Anglo-Spanish War?
Spanish armada fails in 1588, English fail one too
What was the situation with Mary, the Queen of Scotland?
married to Francis II, but returns to Scotland when he died and has an affair to have James !. Elizabeth killed her for fear of overthrow
What happened when Philip II died?
Spain began its decline (but Baroque art was siiick)
