The Age of Enlightenment/Reason

Question 1

What was the philosophy of the old regime about poverty?

Answer 1

If they are poor they are peaceful

Question 2

What is the Age of Enlightenment?

Answer 2

1687-1789–efforts in critical thinking based on the Scientific Revolution to reform society. Centered in France. Encouraged thinking for yourself to judge church and society.

Question 3

Where did people discuss stuff?

Answer 3

salons

Question 4

Who are the Philosophes

Answer 4

people who want to look forward to a better society and not look at the past as a model

Question 5

Bernard de Fontanelle

Answer 5

we can use the past to improve the future

Question 6

Voltaire

Answer 6

French philosopher, religion impedes progress, intolerance is terrible. Praised English Constitutionalism

Question 7

Adam Smith

Answer 7

Scottish economist. The Wealth of Nations–capitalism, laissez-faire, invisible hand

Question 8

Immanuel Kant

Answer 8

“What is Enlightenment”

Question 9

Pierre Bayle

Answer 9

morality, regardless of religion. Dictionary–first encyclopedia

Question 10

Montesquieu

Answer 10

Persian Letters– critiqued Europe, separation of powers

Question 11

Jonathan Swift

Answer 11

Gulliver’s Travels– criticized England’s treatment of his home and English colony Ireland

Question 12

Beccaria

Answer 12

Crime and Punishment–capital punishment/torture are dumb–fix them

Question 13

What are the Jesuits up to?

Answer 13

virtuous and rigorous education that trained most philosophes (Voltaire was expelled lol)

Question 14

What control does religion still have?

Answer 14

Religion dictates people’s lives outside of England/Netherlands, and the Spanish inquisition is still live–criticized

Question 15

Voltaire’s ideas on religion

Answer 15

deism–God has placed us in a world to choose our rejection salvation. One universal religion.

Question 16

David Hume’s ideas on religion

Answer 16

Scottish–miracles are stupid, so Christianity is stupid.

Question 17

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 17

Social Contract–inherent good in people, society corrupts them, give up will for common good

Question 18

movements to enhance religion again

Answer 18

German piety
Wesley founded English Methodism
Whitefield’s Great Awakening
revelations and return to church

Question 19

Catherine the Great

Answer 19

legal reform and create efficient monarchy

Question 20

What was the ideology of enlightened despots?

Answer 20

Wanted better lives for people, but not to compromise nobility. Still went to war (abolished Poland)

Question 21

Frederick the Great

Answer 21

obligation to work for subjects’ good. Abolished torture.

Question 22

Joseph II

Answer 22

King of Austria (HRE) and son of Maria Teresa–equality before law, torture gone, toleration, freedoms, abolished SERFDOM