European Politics in Revolt: 1815-1848 Flashcards
What did the Congress of Vienna decide?
Louis XVIII (Bourbon) king of France
establish balance of power–boundaries similar to before Napoleon
Alliance to crush revolutionary ideas
Who was the Austrian leader at the Congress?
Austrian Prince Clemens von Metternich
What new boundaries appeared after the Congress?
Prussia in Rhineland, HRE is now German Confederation, Russia takes a bunch of Poland again, Pope Pius VII gets Papal States back, Netherlands/Belgium combined
What major revolts happened in Russia before 1830?
Decembrist: 1825 Alexander I dies, failed revolt, Nicholas I (25-55) takes over
Greeks revolt against Ottoman Empire
What started the Revolution of 1830 in France?
Louis XVIII allowed limited power and even a Constitution, but Charles X did not and limited freedom
What was the result of the French Rev of 1830?
middle class replaced Charles X with “citizen-king” Louis Philippe
What other revolts happened in 1830 inspired by France?
Revolt due to combination of Dutch and Belgium
failed revolts by Poland, northern Italy (Austria), Papal States
What people were revolting in 1848?
middle class workers against limited freedom
French Revolution of 1848
Revolt against absolutism creates 2nd French Republic. Napoleon III (nephew) elected president
What happened following the French Rev of 1848?
Napoleon III had a coup in 1852 and became emperor (referendum again)
Germany Reforms in 1848
small rulers and Prussian Frederick Wilhelm IV allowed freedoms
What caused the Austrian revolt of 1848?
Leaders Ferdinand I/Metternich used touch laws to keep empire unified
What was the result of the Austrian revolt of 1848?
Made concessions and Metternich fled. Hungary tried to break, but were quickly retaken
Italian revolt of 1848
Giuseppe Mazzini and Garibaldi inspire revolutions in Italy against Habsburgs, but eventually crushed
What was the only country to avoid a revolt in the 1800s and why?
United Kingdom–most free citizens in Europe (not that good tho)
